Your task is to choose an existing human rights campaign that is of interest to you and/or you are already familiar with and produce a report to evaluate it. In writing the report, please reflect on the following: Write for Rights https://www.amnesty.org/en/get-involved/write-for-rights/ • Relevance o This is about the suitability or appropriateness of the campaign in relation to the behaviours or beliefs it seeks to influence. Here you can talk about its selection of goals and objectives. • Effectiveness o Did the campaign work well? • Efficiency o Was the way the campaign was conducted the best way to achieve its aims? • Results/impact o What has happened as a result of the campaign? • Balabanova, E. 2019. ‘Communicating cosmopolitanism during times of crisis: UNHCR and the World Refugee Day campaign in the UK and Bulgaria’, Journal of Human Rights Practice (available online here: https://academic.oup.com/jhrp/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jhuman/huz029/5645149) • Boyle, E. H. et al. 2017. Making Human Rights Campaigns Effective While Limiting Unintended Consequences. Lessons from Recent Research. University of Minnesota: Research and Innovation Grants Working Papers Series (available for download as a PDF file here: https://www.iie.org/Research-and-Insights/Publications/DFG-UMinn-Publication)
COMM1190 Data, Insights and Decisions Term 1, 2025 Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs) 1. Explain how an organisation uses analytical and statistical tools to gain valuable insights. [PLO1] 2. Apply statistics and data analysis skills to real data sets from a variety of organisations and domains to generate insights to make informed decisions. [PLO2] 3. Visualise and analyse data to support arguments that increase stakeholder comprehension of information and business insights. [PLO3] 4. Work effectively in teams to communicate cohesive data insights and recommendations to a range of stakeholders. [PLO4] 5. Critically evaluate the suitability of data and data sources to identify and analyse business problems. [PLO2] 6. Evaluate ethical implications of organisational use of big data and analytics on stakeholders and society. [PLO5] Assessment 1: Individual Assignment Week 4: 5pm Friday 14th March 20% Report ~4 pages (+/-10%) + separate file containing R code Via Moodle course site Context of assessment task As a Business Analyst at Dolphin Theme Park, you have been tasked with conducting a deeper analysis of visitor trends, ride popularity, and revenue performance. The General Manager (GM) has expressed concerns over operational inefficiencies, long wait times, and fluctuating revenue streams, seeking data-driven insights to enhance guest satisfaction and profitability. To support this initiative, the GM has provided a report drafted by a recently hired junior analyst. However, he has raised concerns about its quality in both form. and substance. Your role is to critically review the initial report, refine the analysis, and produce a revised version using an updated and expanded dataset. This dataset includes the original pilot data as well as additional observations, allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of park operations. Your analysis will explore key factors such as visitor demographics, ride performance, ticket sales, and customer feedback. By identifying trends and opportunities for improvement, your recommendations will focus on enhancing guest experiences, optimizing ride capacity, and increasing overall park revenue. The goal is to ensure Dolphin Theme Park remains a top destination while maximizing efficiency and profitability. Assessment 2: Team Assessment Stage 1: Week 7, Wednesday 2nd April 2025 Stage 2: Week 9, Wednesday 16th April 2025 30% (10% for Stage 1, 20% for Stage 2) Report (Two stages): Stage 1: Individual Stage 2: Group Stage 1: Submission via a template Stage 2: ~4 pages (+/-10%) + separate file containing R code Via Moodle course site Assessment Overview You will undertake a project as a team applying the key concepts discussed in the course to a real-world scenario. In this assessment, you will explore data using descriptive and predictive analytics to derive actionable insights that can be used to assist with business decision making. The assessment task is designed to develop teamwork skills within an analytics team and technical skills for analysing data to arrive at decisions and recommendations based on the team’s data-generated insights. Instructions In Week 5 you will receive detailed instructions regarding Assessment 2, the associated rubric and the formation of groups. Approach to assessment task a) You are encouraged to start working with your group from Week 5 onwards, as soon as you have the assessment instructions. b) You should complete Stage 1 (individual component) of Assessment 2 first to support your group work for Stage 2. Assessment 3: Final Exam Exam Period 50% Examination on Moodle N/A Via Moodle course site Assessment Overview The final exam will test your technical competence and problem-solving skills, as well as your understanding of the concepts discussed in all weeks of the course. A range of questions and examples drawn from past exams will be provided later. You will be able to access the COMM1190 exam via the course Moodle site closer to the time of the examination, along with detailed instructions.
COMP2823 Assignment 1 S1 2023 Problem 1. (20 points) Given an array A consisting of n integers, we want to compute a matrix B where for any 0 ≤ i < j < n we have B[i][j] = f([A[i], A[i + 1], ..., A[j − 1]]) Consider the following algorithm for computing B: Algorithm 1 Range Function Computation 1: function RangeFunc(A) 2: B ← new n × n matrix 3: for i ← 0 to n − 1 do 4: for j ← i + 1 to n − 1 do 5: C ← make a copy of A[i : j] 6: B[i][j] ← f(C) 7: return B Assume that f(C) runs in Θ(log |C|) time and that allocating the space for the matrix takes O(n 2 ) time. Your task is to a) Using O-notation, upperbound the running time of RangeFunc. Explain your answer with a detailed line by line analysis. b) Using Ω-notation, lowerbound the running time of RangeFunc. Explain your answer. Problem 2. (40 points) We would like to design an augmented queue data structure. In addition to the usual enqueue and dequeue operations, you need to support the even-diff operation, which when run on a queue Q = ⟨q0, q1, q2, . . . , qn−1⟩ returns Examples: • even-diff([1, 3, 50, 48]) returns 4, • even-diff([1, 3, 50, 48, 30]) returns 4, • even-diff([3, 50, 48, 30]) returns 65. We are to design an implementation of the methods enqueue, dequeue, and even-diff so that all operations run in O(1) time. You can assume that the data structure always starts from the empty queue. Your data structure should take O(n) space, where n is the number of elements currently stored in the data structure. Your task is to: a) Design a data structure that supports the required operations in the required time and space. b) Briefly argue the correctness of your data structure and operations. c) Analyse the running time of your operations and space of your data structure. Problem 3. (40 points) We would like to implement an ADT for keeping track of a collection of queues. We would like to implement the following operations: • init: Initialize the system having a single empty queue • enqueue(Q, e): Q is a position specifying a given queue in the system, and e is the element to be enqueued into Q • dequeue(Q, e): Q is a position specifying a given queue in the system, from which we could like to dequeue an element • split(Q): Q is a position specifying a given queue in the system whose elements needs to be redistributed evenly into two new queues. • iterate(): iterate over the queues stored in the system Examples: • given the state [⟨1, 5, 4⟩,⟨3, 7, 5, 2⟩,⟨10⟩] if we split the second queue the state should become [⟨1, 5, 4⟩,⟨3, 7⟩,⟨5, 2⟩,⟨10⟩], • given [⟨1, 5, 4⟩,⟨3, 7, 5, 2⟩] if we dequeue from the first queue the state should become [⟨5, 4⟩,⟨3, 7, 5, 2⟩], Design a data structures for the ADT such that enqueue, dequeue, and init run in O(1) time, and split runs in O(log m) amortised time, where m is the number of operations performed. Your data structure should take O(n) space, where n is the number of elements currently stored in the data structure. Your task is to: a) Design a data structure that supports the required operations in the required time and space. b) Briefly argue the correctness of your data structure and operations. c) Analyse the running time of your operations and space of your data structure. Written Assignment Guidelines • Assignments should be typed and submitted as pdf (no pdf containing text as images, no handwriting). • Start by typing your student ID at the top of the first page of your submission. Do not type your name. • Submit only your answers to the questions. Do not copy the questions. • When asked to give a plain English description, describe your algorithm as you would to a friend over the phone, such that you completely and unambiguously describe your algorithm, including all the important (i.e., non-trivial) details. It often helps to give a very short (1-2 sentence) description of the overall idea, then to describe each step in detail. At the end you can also include pseudocode, but this is optional. • In particular, when designing an algorithm or data structure, it might help you (and us) if you briefly describe your general idea, and after that you might want to develop and elaborate on details. If we don’t see/understand your general idea, we cannot give you marks for it. • Be careful with giving multiple or alternative answers. If you give multiple answers, then we will give you marks only for "your worst answer", as this indicates how well you understood the question. • Some of the questions are very easy (with the help of the slides or book). You can use the material presented in the lecture or book without proving it. You do not need to write more than necessary (see comment above). • When giving answers to questions, always prove/explain/motivate your answers. • When giving an algorithm as an answer, the algorithm does not have to be given as (pseudo-)code. • If you do give (pseudo-)code, then you still have to explain your code and your ideas in plain English. • Unless otherwise stated, we always ask about worst-case analysis, worst case running times, etc. • As done in the lecture, and as it is typical for an algorithms course, we are interested in the most efficient algorithms and data structures. • If you use further resources (books, scientific papers, the internet,...) to formulate your answers, then add references to your sources and explain it in your own words. Only citing a source doesn’t show your understanding and will thus get you very few (if any) marks. Copying from any source without reference is considered plagiarism.
MATH1014 Calculus II Problem Set 4 L01 (Spring 2025) 1. For each of the following rational functions f, evaluate the antiderivative ∫ f(x)dx. 2. Evaluate the following antiderivatives. 3. (a) Using the factorization x4 + 1 = (x2 − √2x + 1)(x2 + √2x + 1), evaluate (b) Using (a) and the substitution u = √tan x, evaluate 4. Evaluate the antiderivative using the substitution 5. (a) Show that the polynomial x 3 + 3x + 1 has exactly one real root. (b) Let r be the real root of x 3 + 3x + 1. Using a partial fraction decomposition, evaluate in terms of r. 6. Evaluate the antiderivatives of each of the following trigonometric rational functions f. 7. Let a be apositive real number. Evaluate for each of the following cases: (a) 0
My expectations for ChatGPT have always been exceptionally high from the beginning. I think it can play a vital role in my field because it can build 3D models for me, analyze complex data, and solve problems I can't. ChatGPT possesses potential to revolutionize my profession by making repetitive work efficient, automating tasks, and augmenting analytical power. It could be pretty helpful for my future study. ChatGPT could be a pretty helpful assistant for engineers. “The language comprehension in ChatGPT means engineers can jot down a few notes as part of their debrief and the AI can use the content to generate a report, for example, adds Jain. This means engineers can automate the mundane work, such as writing and summarizing what they’ve just done when they complete a job, and generate a report quickly and easily”.[1] What’s more, “It can help organizations capture and organize the unstructured knowledge, experience of the experienced workforce and make it accessible in a format that is desirable for the next generation of workers,” which is really useful. According to a study by Xu et al. (2023), AI-driven tools like ChatGPT are increasingly being integrated into engineering workflows to support decision-making and predictive modeling, particularly in areas like computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA) [2]. One specific application of ChatGPT in mechanical engineering is optimizing electric vehicle (EV) battery thermal management systems. Engineers designing EVs need to ensure that the battery pack maintains an optimal temperature to maximize efficiency and lifespan. ChatGPT can assist in this process by quickly generating MATLAB or Python scripts for thermal simulations, suggesting material properties for heat dissipation, and even refining cooling system designs based on computational results. A case study by Zhao et al. (2023) demonstrated how AI-assisted simulation tools helped reduce thermal runaway risks in EV batteries by identifying optimal cooling pathways [3]. This enhances the engineering workflow by accelerating the iterative design process and improving the reliability of EV systems. References [1] A. Jain, "ChatGPT is Pushing Engineering Buttons," Engineering.com, Mar. 2023. [Online]. Available: [https://www.engineering.com/chatgpt-is-pushing-engineering-buttons](https://www.engineering.com/chatgpt-is-pushing-engineering-buttons). [Accessed: 27-Feb-2025]. [2] Xu, L., Wang, H., & Zhang, Y. (2023). "AI-driven engineering: The role of ChatGPT in mechanical design and analysis," IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 1-12. [3] Zhao, W., Sun, K., & Li, M. (2023). "AI-enhanced thermal management for electric vehicle batteries," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 76-89.
ECO102H1S: Principles of Macroeconomics Midterm 2, Winter 2024 1. (20 points) Consider the Phillips curve equation below: A. (5 points) Which term in the equation is exogenous? What is it called and what happens to the curve when it increases? B. (5 points) Which term in the equation is endogenous? What is it called and what happens to the curve when it increases? C. (10 points) You are studying the Phillips curves of two different countries, Argonia and Farebury. Both countries are initially at their long-run equilibrium and have the same level of inflation, but they make forecasts of inflation differently: Argonians have adaptive expectations, while people from Farebury have rational expectations. Suppose global oil prices drastically rise for one period before returning to their initial levels. Both Argonia and Farebury are equally impacted and neither is an oil producer. How would this affect the inflation rate in Argonia and Farebury in the period of the shock and the next period when oil prices return to their initial level? Explain your answer, including a definition of both types of expectations. 2. (45 points) The equations below describe aggregate expenditure in an economy: where 0 < mpc < 1 and 0 < mpi < 1 A. (10 points) Solve for short-run equilibrium output as a function of autonomous spending, parameters, and the real interest rate. B. (15 points) The parameter mpi represents the marginal propensity to invest. Explain what the mpc and mpi mean economically. Describe how the aggregate expenditure multiplier works and how the mpc and mpi affect the size of the multiplier. C. (10 points) Suppose the government wishes to stimulate spending by transferring funds to either households or businesses (assume the funds are a gift from a foreign nation, and thus do not impact any other category of spending). If mpc > mpi, who should the government transfer funds to? Why? D. (10 points) Let the parameter values be as follows: The central bank wishes to increase short-run output by $150. By how much should they change the interest rate? 3. (40 points) The IS curve is given below: A. (6 points) Find the real interest rate consistent with long-run equilibrium. B. (10 points) Draw a graph of the IS curve and the MP curve with the economy in long-run equilibrium. Label the axes as well as the equilibrium values of the output gap and real interest rate. C. (7 points) Suppose the output gap is currently 2.5% and the real interest rate is the same as you found in part A. What kind of shock could be responsible for this outcome? Give a specific example, related to our PAE model, and describe how it would affect the IS-MP model. D. (7 points) Suppose the economy begins in long-run equilibrium from part B, and there are no shocks to the IS curve. You observe the central bank lower their policy rate, yet the output gap is negative. What must have occurred for this to be true? Make specific reference to our model. E. (10 points) Assume the central bank’s objective is to maintain an output gap of zero, and they’d like to change the real interest rate as little as possible. Would the central bank prefer a larger or smaller aggregate expenditure multiplier to accomplish this goal? Explain. 4. (20 points) The graph below depicts the current level of planned aggregate expenditure for an economy. A. (10 points) Suppose the economy is currently at point J. Is the economy in short-run equilibrium? Why or why not? If you answer no, explain how the economy will adjust to short-run equilibrium. Be specific in your explanation regarding the actions businesses will take. B. (10 points) Suppose production is fixed at YI. What specific actions could fiscal policy take to move the economy to short-run equilibrium? What specific actions could monetary policy take to move the economy to short-run equilibrium? Your answer must assume production remains fixed at YI.
MECH0006 Engineering Dynamics 2024/25 Term 2 Question1 An oscillating garden sprinkler discharges water with an initial velocity vo(m/sec). a) Knowing that the sides but not the top of arbor BCDE are open, calculate the distance d to the point F that will be watered for values of a from amin to amax. b) Determine the maximum value of d and the corresponding value of a. Given: vo 7 (m/sec), AB =1.3(m), BE =3.7 (m), DE =1.2(m),amin= 10°, amax =75°. Question 2 A ball B is hanging from an inextensible cord attached to a support at C. A ball A strikes B with a velocity vo(m/sec) at an angle θo with the vertical. Assuming no friction and denoting by e the coefficient of restitution, determine the magnitudes va and va of the velocities of the balls immediately after impact and the percentage of energy lost in the collision for values of θ, from θmin to θmax, assuming: a) e=1 b) e = 0.75 c) e= 0 Given mg = 520(g), m = 160(g), vo = 6(m/sec), min =20°, max= 120°. Question 3 In an amusement park ride, "airplane" A is attached to a rigid member OB. To operate the ride, the airplane and OB are rotated so that θmin S θo S θmax and then are allowed to swing freely about O. The airplane is subjected to the acceleration of gravity and to a deceleration due to air resistance, -kv2, which acts in a direction opposite to that of its velocity v. Neglecting the mass and the aerodynamics drag of OB and the friction in the bearing at O, determine the velocity of the airplane attained for given values of θo. Use values of θo from θmin to θmax in e increments. For each value of θo, let: (a) k= 0, (b) k=2x10-4m-1, (c) k =4x 10-2 m-1. (HINT: Express the tangential acceleration of the airplane in terms of g,k and θ. Recall that ve = rθ). Given: B = 15(m), min = 70°, θmax = 120°, ε°= 26°. Question 4 A small block of mass m(kg) is at rest at the top of a cylindrical surface with a radius of r(m). The block is given an initial velocity vo(m/sec) to the right which causes it to slide on the cylindrical surface. Calculate and plot the values of θ at which the block leaves the surface for values of μk, the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the surface varying from μk1 to μκ2. Given: m = 250(g), r = 2.8(m), vo = 3.7, μk1 = 0 ≤ μκ S Mix2 0.3.
Department of Infrastructure Engineering GEOM90038 Advanced Imaging Lab Assignment 1: image-based 3D modelling Due for submission at 10:00 pm on Friday of Week 3 Note: This assignment can be carried out in a group. You can choose your group member (no more than 2 members per group) and work together on the assignment. However, each student must submit an individual report outlining their method and results. It is recommended that you use a camera rather than a phone for photography. The task The aim of this assignment is to reconstruct a 3D model of a man-made object with planar surfaces, e.g. a building, from a set of images. Your tasks include camera calibration, image acquisition, camera orientation, accuracy analysis, and generation of a textured wireframe. model of the selected object. To carry out these tasks you will use a software called iWitness, which has been installed in the lab computers. You can also download the software from the link below and installed it on your personal computer. http://www.photometrix.com.au/downloads/iWitnessPRO_STUDENT/iWitnessPRO_4.105_STUDE NT_DEMO_x64.exe The user manual of the iWitness software is available on LMS. You are also provided a pdf file containing 20 B&W (Black and White) codes used for camera calibration, which is a prerequisite step to conducting 3D measurement of objects with iWitness. Figure 1 shows an example 3D model ofa building created from a set of images in iWitness. Figure 1. A screenshot ofiWitness interface showing a textured 3D model ofa building reconstructed from images. The procedure 1. Camera calibration. In this step, you are required to calibrate your camera using the automatic calibration tool in iWitness. Details of this step can be found in the section C2 of the manual(iWitness Manual.pdf on LMS). You will need to set up the camera and target layout with the 20 black and white coded targets (iWitness_B&W_CalCodes.pdf on LMS) for the automatic calibration. It is recommended to turn-off “auto-rotate”, do not refocus and zoom when capturing the layout of the setup targets, set the focus to infinity, and try to shoot with the highest resolution. Once the calibration is finished, check the accuracy of your calibration. If the internal accuracy of referencing exceeds 0.25 pixels, you will have to redo the process, perhaps with more images. Save the calibration parameters in your project and record the accuracy for your report. 2. Image acquisition. Capture a sufficient number of images covering all sides of the real selected object (e.g., buildings). Make sure there is sufficient overlap between each pair of consecutive images. Remember to measure a few distances on the real object using a measuring tape so that you can scale your model later. 3. Camera orientation. Perform relative orientation of the first two images via the point marking and referencing operation in iWitness (Section B3.1 of the iWitness manual). You should use at least 6 points and check the Total RMS error, which display at the right-bottom of the 3D list. If the total RMS error of the image marking/referencing exceeds 1.5 pixels, you will have to redo the orientation, perhaps with more points or picking the marking/referencing points more carefully. Orient the third and subsequent images using the referencing tool (Section B3.4 of the manual). Use review mode (Section B7) to check your point references and correct the point positions if necessary. 4. Scaling the model. Apply the correct scale to your model by entering the actual distances between one or more pairs of points of the real object for the distances between their corresponding points on the 3D models. The details of this process can be found in the Section B4.1(the iWitness manual). Remember to setup with a suitable project unit (which can be changed at any time). 5. Accuracy evaluation. Export the 3D coordinates of all points and the corresponding standard errors in a .txt or a .csv file (Section B5.1). Analyse the accuracy of the camera orientation based on the standard error of the point coordinates and include your analysis in the report. Verify your results with the project status summary (Section B9). 6. 3D modelling. Create a 3D wireframe. model of the object by drawing polylines connecting vertices of planar surfaces (Section B11). 7. Texture mapping. Map texture to each planar polyline in 3D view (Section B12). Export your textured 3D model in a .vrml file. Submission Write an individual report outlining the process and your results. Include the following content: a. Introduction: describe the aims and your general approach to the assignment. b. Methods: explain the method you followed to perform each of the tasks of the project. c. Results: report the results including the accuracy of camera calibration and orientation. Include screenshots of your textured 3D model. Provide an analysis of the results and discuss if/how the results can be improved. d. Conclusions: provide a summary of your findings and what you learned about image-based modelling. e. References: provide a list of references if your text includes any information from other sources. Submit a digital version of your report via LMS and in pdf format only. Marking rubric Appropriate length and proper formatting 5% Proper introduction 10% Proper description of the method 15% Proper analysis of the results 20% Accuracy of the camera calibration/orientation 20% Quality of the model 20% Logical conclusions 10%
MATH2750 Introduction to Markov Processes Assessment 2 2024—2025 This computational worksheet is an opportunity to learn more about Markov chains using R. This practical doubles as Assessment 2 , and is an assessed part of the course . This assessment counts for 3% of your final module grade. You should write a report on your work (see Question 0 below), answering all the questions with explanations and figures where necessary, and showing any R code you used. Good formats for your report include PDF, Word document, or HTML. You work must be a report: do not just submit a list of R commands. The deadline for submission is Thursday 13 March at 2pm. Late submissions up to Sunday 16 March will still be marked, but the total mark will be reduced by 10% for each day or part –day it is late. Your report will by marked out of 8, with 2 marks available for each of Questions 1 —4. Question 0: Answer the questions on this problem sheet. Write up a short report on your findings, with answers to the questions. Make sure to include relevant graphs produced and the R code you used. Remember that this is assessed work, and your report must be submitted by Thursday 13 March. You might like to look at the example report for Computational Worksheet 1 to see what a good report looks like. We start by reading three functions into R by entering the entire text of the following code chunk. If you are using the Rmd version of this question sheet in RStudio, you can simply press the green “play” button next to the following code chunk. If you are reading the HTML version, you should carefully copy and paste the following code chunk into R. # Produces a transition matrix for a Markov chain based on a parameter eps TransMat
EVS116 From Molecules to Materials: Deconstructing the environment 2020/2021 Laboratory Practical 6: Synthesis of gold nanoparticles Background Colloidal gold is a suspension of submicrometre-size particles of gold in a fluid, usually water. The liquid is usually either an intense red colour (for particles less than 100 nm) or blue/purple (for larger particles). Due to the unique optical, electronic, and molecular-recognition properties of gold nanoparticles, they are the subject of substantial research, with applications in a wide variety of areas, including electron microscopy, electronics, nanotechnology, and materials science. Colloidal gold has been used since ancient times: the synthesis of colloidal gold was crucial to the 4th-century Lycurgus Cup, which changes colour depending on the direction of the light. Later it was used as a method of staining glass. Solutions of gold nanoparticles of various sizes. The size difference causes the difference in colours. Generally, gold nanoparticles are produced in a liquid ("liquid chemical methods") by reduction of chloroauric acid (H[AuCl4]). After dissolving H[AuCl4], the solution is rapidly stirred while a reducing agent is added. This causes Au3+ ions to be reduced to neutral gold atoms. As more and more of these gold atoms form, the solution becomes supersaturated, and gold gradually starts to precipitate in the form of sub-nanometer particles. The rest of the gold atoms that form stick to the existing particles, and, if the solution is stirred vigorously enough, the particles will be fairly uniform in size. Equipment Glassware: Note all glassware needs to be acid-washed, and triple rinsed in deionised ultrapure water (not distilled water, the latter is not ion-clean) • 4 x 100 mL conical flasks • 20 mL glass pipettes & bulbs • 2 mL pipettes and a dropper • 4 test tubes • Stirring bars (either 3 per pair, or 1 per pair and a retriever) • 4 X 50 mL Screw-top falcon tubes • Marker for labelling • UV spectrophotometer (Scanning) Chemicals: • 50 mL 1 mM hydrogen tetrachloroaurate, HAuCl43H20 • 10 mL 1% trisodium citrate, Na3C6 H5O7.2H2O • 1 M sodium chloride solution, NaCl and 10 mM NaCl • Freshwater Procedure for Synthesis and Characterisation of Gold Nanoparticles Some metal nanoparticles may be synthesised by heating a suitable metal salt solution with citrate. This method uses the citrate reduction to form. the nanoparticles, and the excess citrate helps to stabilise the gold nanoparticles as a dispersion. The particles are therefore not “dissolved” but are suspended or dispersed in the liquid phase of the media. The formation of gold nanoparticles can be observed by a change in colour, since small nanoparticles of gold are red. If the citrate is in excess in the reaction mixture, a layer of absorbed citrate anions on the surface of the nanoparticles will give them a net negative surface charge. The charge repulsion of the particles (like charges repel) will help to keep the nanoparticles separate and therefore dispersed. The presence of this colloidal suspension can be detected by the reflection of a laser beam from the particles. Objectives. Your task is to: 1. To synthesise gold nanoparticles using the citrate reduction method and observe the presence of particles with a laser pen. 2. To characterise the major absorption peaks with the observed colour of the resulting dispersion. Experiment Colloid chemistry, and any experiments working with trace metals requires that all glassware is acid- washed, and triple rinsed in deionised ultrapure water (not distilled water, the latter is not ion-clean). Reliable results depend on a high level of cleanliness. All the glassware has been cleaned for you. Prepare a dilution series of the 1 mM HAuCl4 stock solution by carefully pipetting each of the following into conical flasks to form 20 mL solutions: Volume of 1 mM HAuCl4 stock (mL) Volume of ultrapure water (mL) Final Gold concentration (mM) 0 20 0 (control) 8 12 0.4 12 8 0.6 20 0 1.0 Using the hot plate provided; heat the flasks one at a time, with a magnetic stirrer bar so the solution is continuously mixed, until the solution is just about boiling. [Safety: Do not touch the hotplate surface! Wear Eye Shields] When the solution is just at boiling point (not before), add 2 ml of 1% trisodium citrate solution to the conical flasks. The best technique is to make sure the gold solution is just boiling as you add the citrate solution, so add the citrate solution fast. The gold nanoparticles will form in the solution gradually as the citrate reduces the gold (III). Allow this gold solution to cool. Repeat the procedure with the all the remaining gold solutions, including the control. When each solution is cool, remove each stirrer bar with the aid of a magnet or forceps. Question (i): Ultra-pure water was used for the preparation of the solutions used in the synthesis. Why do you think we have done this? Question (ii): Do you think that the type of surface charge will alter the dispersivity of the nanoparticles? What do you think would happen to the dispersion if there is no net charge (neutral) on the particle surface? For use in the research laboratory, one would normally then dialyse the particle dispersions in ultrapure water to remove excess reagents and to clean up the particles. However, for our purposes we can proceed with some simple spectrophotometry to characterise the samples. The absorption spectra of nanoparticle dispersions. It is possible to deduce information about the relative particle sizes in each of your dispersions using some simple absorption spectrophotometry. If a visible spectrum of the dispersion is obtained, and different-sized gold nanoparticles give slightly different colours, then the absorption peak should also be slightly different in each of your dispersions. The measurements will be carried out using a UV/Vis Spectrometer. Full instructions for the operation of the spectrophotometer are in the laboratory, and staff are there to help you set up. Use 3 ml cuvettes, but keep your solutions. • Obtain the visible spectra of your dispersions from 700 to 400 nm. Use ultra pure water as the reference (blank). Print out the spectra, or use the data from the instrument to plot the spectra for each of your dispersions. • Indicate on your graphs the wavelength range where the transmittances are greatest and where they are least for each solution/dispersion. • Obtain the wavelength corresponding to the maxima in absorbance. Absorbance range/nm λmax/nm Control Au solution 1 Au solution 2 Au solution 3 Question (iii): What is the relationship between the gold concentration in the original solution and the wavelength where the peak emission occurs? Do you think the particle size distribution is similar in each of the prepared nanoparticle dispersions? Question (iv): Which one do you think has the particles of the biggest average size? • From the visible spectra, choose a suitable wavelength to measure the absorbance of the 3 gold nanoparticle dispersions. • Plot the absorbance against the concentration of gold in each solution. A plot of A against C should be linear for a solution of absorbing species. In this case the absorbing species are nanoparticles, so it will be interesting to see whether the plot is linear or not. Question (v): What do you observe from your graph? What is the significance of your observation with respect to particle size or dispersion state? Do you think the Beer-Lambert Law still applies to particle dispersions? Effect of NaCl on particle dispersions. Adding a cation (e.g. Na+) to the dispersion of gold nanoparticles may screen the negative charge on the particles, allowing them to approach more closely (agglomerate). This results in a colour change in the dispersion, which reflects the change in size of the particles due to agglomeration. • Put 2 ml of one of your nanoparticle dispersions into each of four test tubes. • Keeping the first tube as your control (nothing added), add 5-10 drops of 0.1mM, 10mM or 1 M NaCl solution to the next 3 tubes one tube (one solution per tube, each tube a different solution). Note the change of colour of the solution as the nanoparticles get closer together. • Measure also the spectra of your solutions with the different amounts of NaCl added. Question (vi): How does the spectrum change with increasing NaCl concentration? What does this tell us about the dispersion? At the end of the class, please clean up your bench, but DO NOT THROW AWAY your gold nanoparticle (NP) solutions: these will be retained for subsequent analysis.
BUS 173C One Year Financial Planning Case V1 Three co-founders formed a company that has created a device that uses biometric technology to detect the presence of a wide range of viruses such as Covid, RSV or the common flu. This will revolutionize the diagnosis methodology as it doesn’t require a body fluid sample (blood, stool, spit etc.) To make their business a reality they need to raise enough capital through debt and equity to support the company from inception through their first year with a minimum of $500,000 cash in the bank. As a part of the process of raising the capital, they originally hired a temp CFO to help them to create a financial plan to include in their fund-raising pitch deck and to help them work out a pro forma capitalization table to assess any potential inbound investor term sheets. But that temp CFO was Ukrainian and took off to help her country. She left behind a financial plan that was incomplete. The founders, being Spartan alums, decided to hire BUS 173c students to finish the work. They have provided following information: Income Statement: General Assumptions: Employee benefits and taxes are 25% of salaries Sundry costs per headcount are $300/month (food, coffee, office supplies, travel etc.) Recruiting cost will be a flat $20,000 for each new hire. Revenues The company anticipates building two products, a large version for hospitals (Large) that will sell for $300,000 and a medium clinical unit (Medium) for $100,000. The ratio of Large to Medium unit sales will be 1 to 5. When they are available, the initial number of Large units sold will be one for the first month and then the company will increase the number of units per month by one unit per month thereafter (e.g. month 2 will be 2, month 3 will be 3). Cost of Goods The company will use a contract manufacturer for both the products. Gross margins will be 50% and 60% for Large and Medium respectively. Sales and Marketing Each salesperson will be able to sell $8 million worth of product each year. A salesperson needs to be on staff three months before they start selling for training purposes. A salesperson’s base salary will be $100,000 per year with an 8% commission. Commissions are earned and paid in the same month. Marketing program expense will run $100,000 per month for 3 months prior to initial sales, then will change to $200,000 per month thereafter. Engineering The company has determined that they will ultimately need an Engineering team of 10 engineers who will collectively need 50 person months of work before producing a commercially viable product. Once they reach the cumulative 50 person month threshold they can begin to sell the products the following month. Given the constraints of a very tight job market, the company expects that they cannot hire more than 2 new Engineering staff members per month. Once they reach 10 staff, they will stop hiring. The average cost of these highly skilled individuals is $180,000 per year for salary. In Engineering they also estimate spending $30,000 per month in noncapitalizable prototypes for the entire year. General and Administration Rent for manufacturing space will be $2.50 per square foot per month. Businesses of similar type require need 250 sq. ft. per headcount. Due to the rental market for this type of space, they need to rent the maximum space up front. Additionally, the landlord will require a large deposit of three month’s rent. Utilities are built into the rent. Basic business insurance is $250 per month until they begin to sell product. Then the add-on of product liability insurance the combined total with be four times the original monthly cost. Legal costs are in two parts, $2,000 per month in general corporate legal matters (IP, contacts, board assistance etc.) and issuance costs. Counsel estimates issuance costs to be $75,000 for the Series A round and will be an offset against the proceeds in the equity section of the balance sheet. From inception, the company will hire an office manager/bookkeeper who’s annualized salary is $120,000 per year but who will only work half-time (or $5,000/month). The office manager/bookkeeper is a friend of one of the founders so there is no recruiting cost. Videoconferencing for the three founders and each salesperson is estimated to be $500 each per month. There will a once per year cost of $8,000 by the outside CPAs to produce the company’s tax return due and payable in April. The cofounders each will take a $240,000 per year salary. They will have titles of CEO, CTO and CFO respectively. Taxes will be at 21% of net income No interest will be earned on excess cash Balance Sheet Accounts Receivable: will average 60 days. Inventory: The company will need to have 90 days of inventory on hand and its contract manufacturer does not need any advance notice for orders Fixed Assets: Each new headcount will require $5,000 in additional capitalizable furniture and computing equipment. Assume depreciation is straight-line over 3 years with no salvage value. Accounts Payable will be equal to the total monthly operating expenses exclusive of salaries and benefits plus the current month of cost of goods and will average 30 days. Equity and Debt: The company will be founded on 1/1/xx at the same time of its closing a Series A round. Simultaneously with the Series A, a venture debt round is placed for 1/3 of the total capital (As an example if the company needed $6m in total capital, the financial mix would be $2m in debt with $4m in equity). Venture debt will have an annual interest rate of 9.0% with interest only for 6 months, then amortized over 30 months. There will be no issuance cost for the debt. At the time of inception, each founder will contribute $1,000 for 1,000,000 shares of no-par common stock. The assignment Using the template left behind by the temp CFO, finish the 12-month plan. Q1) In rounded millions, at a minimum, how much combined debt and equity, needs to be raised for the first year?
Assignment 3 STAT 321 Winter 2025 Due: Friday March 14, 5:00PM 1. (8 points) Suppose we have a dataset with continuous response Y ∈ Rn , and two continuous predictors x ∈ Rn and z ∈ Rn. Suppose the predictors are both centered: Define (βˆ0 ,βˆx ,βˆz ), the estimate of the unknown regression coefficients in the (multiple) linear regression model Yi = β0 + βxxi + βz zi + ϵi. Define (β0, βx ) and (β0, βz ), the estimates of the unkown regression coefficients in the (simple) linear regression models Yi = β0 + βxxi + ϵi , Yi = β0 + βz zi + ϵi respectively. Show that if the sample correlation between x and z is 0, βˆ x = β˜ x, βˆ z = β˜ z, and {s.e.(β(ˆ)x + β(ˆ)z )}2 = {s.e.(β(ˆ)x )}2 + {s.e.(β(ˆ)z )}2 . 2. (15 points) In the next two problems, you will work with data in 321divorce . csv, located on Learn under Assignments/Datasets. The data contains information about annual divorce rates among American women. More information about the data can be found by installing the faraway package and running the following line of code: ?faraway:: divusa Fit an MLR model with divorce as the reponse and all other variates as the predictors. (a) Report the variance inflation factors (VIFs) for this model. Is there any evi- dence of extreme multicollinearity? Draw and interpret a scatter plot of the two predictors with the greatest sample correlation. (b) Plot the fitted values against the residuals, and plot each predictor variate against the residuals. Describe at least two patterns in the plots which do not agree with the MLR modelling assumptions. (c) Use at least one plot to check the normality assumption for the errors. (d) Use at least one plot to check for high leverage and high influence years. For the three highest leverage years, report their predictors and explain why these are high leverage points. (e) Use at least one plot to check for autocorrelation in the errors. 3. (10 points) Using the 321divorce . csv dataset from Problem 2, implement the follow- ing variable selection methods to determine the best model, with response divorce and all other variates as possible continuous predictors. (a) Backwards elimination (with level α = 0.05) (b) Adjusted R2 (c) AIC 4. (10 points) In this problem, similar to Assignment 2 Problem 5, you will simulate new random response vectors to inspect properties of our MLR confidence intervals. Use the predictor matrix X ∈ R30 ×3 from Assignment 2, Problem 5 (the data can also be loaded directly from 321galapagos . csv, located on Learn under Assignments/Datasets), and set the model parameters to (a) Simulate a new random response vector Y = Xβ + ϵ where the entries of ϵ are mutually independent and satisfy ϵi = 50 · Ti , Ti ~ t(3), i = 1, . . . , 30. Fit a linear regression model with response Y and predictor matrix X and create a QQ-plot of the residuals. Describe the pattern in the QQ-plot. (b) Repeat the procedure in part (a) 1000 times, and for each replication store the estimated regression coefficients, Report the sample means of Compare these to the theoretical mean we derived in class for the regression coefficient estimator. (c) Repeat the procedure in part (a) 1000 times, and for each replication store a 99% confidence interval for β1 . Report the proportion of replications in which the confidence interval contains the true expected response. Do these intervals actually cover the true parameter in 99% of replications? Additional instructions: – If you are unsure how to use an R function, its documentation can be viewed by typing a question mark and then the function name (i.e. ?function) into the RStudio console. – Unless otherwise specified, you may use results from lecture without additional justification. Results from the reference textbooks can be used, but you should show all steps for full marks. – This assignment will be graded out of 43 points. Per the course outline, in normal circumstances it will count for 5% of your final grade. – Assignment solutions, including code, should be submitted on Crowdmark. Make sure that the uploaded solutions correspond to the correct problem. If the assignment is submitted with written solutions but no supporting code, it will be graded as normal, but the point total will be multiplied by 0.75. – If you experience technical difficulties using Crowdmark, 1. Consult Crowdmark Help 2. Watch this short video about submitting an assignment on Crowdmark 3. As a last resort, if you cannot upload your assignment to Crowdmark before the deadline, email it to [email protected], so I have proof that you completed your assignment on time. – If you choose to submit typed solutions, please also email me the .tex or RMarkdown files used to compile your solutions. – Rules regarding extensions for (formally documented) absences and grades for late submissions are provided in the course outline on Learn.
Assignment Information Module Name: Design Narrative Module Code: 5074AAD Assignment Title: Print + Pixels Assignment Due: 2 December 2024, 18:00 UK time Assignment Credit: 20 Credits Word Count (or equivalent): Coursework. The full coursework assignment will typically require 200 hours of effort in total and in alignment with the module credits. Assignment Type: Percentage Grade (Applied Core Assessment). You will be provided with an overall grade between 0% and 100%. You have one opportunity to pass the assignment at or above 40%. Assignment Task Design two publications one printed, one website that explore the narrative possibilities of each medium. This module encourages you to think about publishing, and how graphic design tools, technologies, and mediums can be used in different ways to create narratives and make information‘public’. Drawing inspiration from a unique community you already belong to, you will produce content material for and design two 'publications’: 1) A printed publication that celebrates and validates the community you belong to, and; 2) A website that informs and invites engagement from a new audience. You are asked to think carefully about who the audience / user is for each element, and how they interact with this‘publication’, using these insights to inform. your design choices. (1) Printed publication 16pp* + cover Your printed publication should be designed for other members of the community you are part of, bringing together a collection of text and imagery. Throughout the module, you will be asked to experiment with the unique aspects / properties of printed media, deliberately using these aspects to enhance the user’s (reader) experience. You should use research to inform the format, design, and visual language of your printed publication, considering aspects like: • Page size and format • Paper stock(s) • Colour / black and white print / printing method • Typographic detail • Image treatment and graphic elements • Sequencing of text and image • Binding method • Additional elements such as paper mechanics and folds, tipped in elements, etc. * Or equivalent. Please negotiate any formats that do not use a clear page structure with your module leader to ensure your printed publication meets the requirements of the brief. (2) Website 8‘viewports’ Using Figma, you will design a website that reuses some or all of your content from the previous task, aiming to inform. and engage a new audience who are unfamiliar with your community. Your website should clearly be linked to your printed publication (for example, this may be through colour, type, etc.). However, throughout the module you will be asked to think about what properties a website has that are unique to the medium and different to printed media, and bring these into your design (this might be things like using multimedia content, links to other pages, pop-ups and layers, or playing with animated / scrolling elements.) Design Process Document (DPD) and Design Process Presentation (DPP) Assessment on this module measures both your design and the process behind it. Fulfilment of this module’s unique learning outcomes is therefore checked against final outcomes and the research and development journey that led to their completion. Evidence of process is essential to your success on this module and is demonstrated through: The Design Process Document (DPD): a digital log of your module learning journey structured in chronological order and capturing all research and its analysis, sketching, experimentation, development, class notes and their practical application, feedback notes and self-reflection that you undertook to answer the module assignment brief. • Set up a DPD on OneDrive for each of your modules and share each with the relevant module leader. • Your tutors will refer to your DPD in class to provide you with useful formative feedback. • Your DPD should be updated weekly as it serves as foundation for your final summary presentation (DPP). • Ensure you establish ownership of original graphic elements by thoroughly evidencing their development from sketch to intermediary work in progress stages and through to final outcome. Designs missing evidence of development and lacking attribution will be investigated for potential plagiarism. DPD specifications: • Working Format (not to be submitted): a PowerPoint document on your personal Microsoft Office 365 OneDrive; If you prefer to use Keynote, InDesign or other you must upload weekly .pdf versions of your DPD on OneDrive ready for tutor review. • Submission Format: .pdf presentation slides (exported from PowerPoint, Keynote or InDesign) The Design Process Presentation (DPP): a concise presentation with annotations that summarises your research and its analysis, development, reflection and final outcomes in an organised fashion that advocates for your fulfilment of the module learning outcomes. • The DPP is the curated and abridged version of the DPD. Annotations are key. • All research presented within DPP needs to be APA referenced at the end of the document • All uses of AI technology and stock imagery used in the development and production of the assignment must be acknowledged, described and APA referenced at the end of the document DPP Specifications: • Working Format (not to be submitted): PowerPoint, InDesign, Keynote or other. • Submission Format: .pdf presentation slides (exported from PowerPoint, Keynote or InDesign) More guidance can be found on the Community Graphic Design Aula Space. Assignment Context This module asks you to explore the act of‘making public’across multiple platforms, using a community you have an existing knowledge of and relationship to as your subject matter. Within this module, we will explore areas of practice like publication and editorial design, typographic design, and how UX/UI considerations work across both print and digital spaces. This module draws on your own unique research and perspectives, and therefore will also provide opportunities to learn about self-publishing and design authorship (aka‘Designer as Author’.) A key element of this module is exploring both printed and digital publication, how each medium has unique properties, and how you might deliberately utilise these properties to encourage your user or reader to engage with a narrative in specific ways. As designers, we regularly undertake projects that require us to work across platforms – using different techniques and channels to engage with different audiences. Not only is this a key consideration within UX and UI design, but thinking about how we publish across these spaces with consistency is a key skill for designers working within branding and identity. Submission Instructions: You will be required to make a digital and physical submission for this module. You will be assessed based on your submitted coursework at a face-to-face presentation with a tutor. For digital submission upload the following on Aula HandIn portal for 5074AAD: 1. Design Process presented as: a. One .PDF Design Process Document (DPD) b. One .PDF Design Process Presentation (DPP) (10min +/-10%, live delivery) 2. Printed publication presented as: a. One .PDF Publication Design (exported from InDesign) b. One .PDF Publication Photographs capturing the printed and manufactured outcome 3. Website presented as: a. One .PDF website design (exported from Figma) b. One .MOV/MP4/WEBM Moving Image file (30s +/-10%) capturing your working Figma file in presentation mode All files must be saved with your name and in the following formatting convention: FirstName_LastName_modulecode_filetype (i.e. Ava_Roy_5074AAD_ArtefactDesign) Important considerations: • Your file must not be larger than 30MB • Your file must be in .pdf format • Do not submit a compressed file types (.zip, .rar, etc.) • Do not submit working files such as .psd, .ai, .indd,.aep For physical submission, bring the following at your face-to-face presentation slot in room DD604: 1. Printed and manufactured experimental publication 2. Signed physical submission form Your presentation slot will take place any day after the submission due date and during the 12th week of term. Physical submission of selected outcomes as instructed above is an essential part of this module. Missing this will lead to module failure. If there is anything that you do not understand about this assignment brief once you have read it fully, or you have any concerns about it, please contact the Module Leader immediately. Their name and contact details are at the top of this brief. Use of AI technologies: GREEN AMBER RED AMBER - AI may be used to assist you on this module as indicated by and negotiated with your module leader TEXT use of AI is permitted although not encouraged in the writing of text for this coursework IMAGE: use of AI is permitted although not encouraged in the development of some and not all imagery for this coursework Any use of AI in the creation of your coursework must be acknowledged, described and referenced within the Design Process Presentation. The rationale for AI use and evidence of development prompts must be documented within your Design Process Document. Failure to do so will result in plagiarism. Use of stock imagery: GREEN AMBER RED AMBER—stock imagery is allowed but not encouraged in the production of this coursework If you do decide to use stock or archival imagery, you must ensure the materials are licensed for commercial use. Any use of stock imagery in the creation of your coursework must be acknowledged, described and referenced within the Design Process Presentation. Failure to do so will result in plagiarism. Marking and Feedback How will my assignment be marked? Your assignment will be marked by the Graphic Design Team during face-to-face presentation of your digital (on Aula) and physical coursework (in the studio) submission. How will I receive my grades and feedback? • Provisional marks will be released on Aula Handin once internally moderated. • Summative feedback will be verbally recorded at presentation and provided alongside your work in the submission portal on Aula Handin. • Provisional marks and feedback will be made available to you within 15 working days if you're a first or second year student, and 10 working days if you're a final year student. This is calculated from the module submission due date. Provisional marks will be released after internal moderation processes in keeping with University Guidelines. This means that 10% of all marks will be reviewed by someone other than the module leader to ensure parity and accuracy of assessment. On this module you will receive formative and summative feedback to help and ensure your learning. Formative feedback is when you show work in progress and responses to key milestones within the module as a preparation for the final summative assessment point when you will submit your work and receive a grade. Formative feedback happens every time you discuss with either your peers or staff about your work. You will have opportunities to change and amend your work after formative feedback. You will receive formative feedback from tutors and student colleagues throughout the module in tutorials, workshops, seminars and critique / review sessions. You are expected to document and reflect on feedback as an aide-memoire for developing your work. Use your sketchbook and Design Process Document as necessary. All formative critique points are highlighted in the module schedule. Summative feedback is definitive, and you will receive this at the end of the module during the assessment period. Summative feedback highlights how your work performed against the learning outcomes and is accompanied by a grade. What will I be marked against? Details of the marking criteria for this task can be found at thebottom of this assignment brief. Assessed Module Learning Outcomes The Learning Outcomes for this module align to the marking criteria which can be found at the end of this brief. Ensure you understand the marking criteria to ensure successful achievement of the assessment task. The following module learning outcomes are assessed in this task: LO1: Explore and exploit tools, technologies and mediums in the production and presentation of design outcomes [Formal context + concept] LO2: Apply narrative design devices and techniques that enhance user experiences [Audience + storytelling strategy] LO3: Develop a versatile and adaptable design vocabulary for screen and print outcomes [Form, visual language + translation]
ECO3011 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory: Problem Set 3 Due Date: Mar 14 (Friday) 11:59pm 1. (15 pts) The government of Metropolis is considering building a bridge. There is just one size, and it will either be built or not be built. It will cost $1 million if built, and nothing if not built. Assume quasi-linear preferences for the local citizens. Local econometricians have estimated a market demand curve for the bridge, given by X(p) = 1, 000, 000 - 200, 000p, where X(p) is the aggregate time of usage of the bridge and p is the price charged by the government for use of the bridge, per unit time. Building the bridge is socially worthwhile if and only if the net social benefit is non-negative. (a) (4 pts) Should the bridge be built? Explain. (b) (3 pts) If the government decided to charge the usage fee to just cover the cost of building the bridge, what is the minimum value of p should be charged? Under the price, calculate the net social benefit. Save your final results to 3 decimal points. (c) (4 pts) Find the price that would maximize government revenue from the bridge, pX(p). If the government chooses the price that maximizes revenue, what is the net social benefit? (d) (4 pts) Find a formula for the net social benefit. At what price will the net social benefit be maximized? 2. (20 pts) Lolita, an intelligent and charming Holstein cow, consumes only two goods, cow feed (made of ground corn and oats) and hay. Her preferences are represented by the utility function U(x, y) = x-x2 /2+y, where x is her consumption of cow feed and y is her consumption of hay. Lolita has been instructed in the mysteries of budgets and optimization and always maximizes her utility subject to her budget constraint. Lolita has an income of $m that she is allowed to spend as she wishes on cow feed and hay. The price of hay is always $1, and the price of cow feed will be denoted by p, where 0 < p ≤ 1. (a) (5 pts) What type is Lolita’s utility function? Solve for Lolita’s inverse demand function for cow feed. (b) (3 pts) How much hay does Lolita choose? (c) (4 pts) Suppose that Lolita’s daily income is $3 and that the price of feed is $0.50. What bundle does she buy? What bundle would she buy if the price of cow feed rose to $1? (d) (3 pts) How much money would Lolita be willing to pay to avoid having the price of cow feed rise to $1? (e) (3 pts) Suppose that the price of cow feed rose to $1. How much extra money would you have to pay Lolita to make her as well-off as she was at the old prices? (f) (2 pts) At the price $0.50 and income $3, how much (net) consumer’s surplus is Lolita getting? 3. (24 pts) Suppose that electric dog polishers is demanded by dog breeders and pet owners. The demand function of dog breeders for electric dog polishers is qb = max{200 - p,0}, and the demand function of pet owners for electric dog polishers is qo = max{90 - 4p,0}. (a) (4 pts) At price p, what is the price elasticity of dog breeders’ demand for electric dog polishers? What is the price elasticity of pet owners’ demand? (b) (2 pts) At what price is the dog breeders’ elasticity equal to -1? At what price is the pet owners’ elasticity equal to -1? (c) (6 pts) Draw in a graph the dog breeders’ demand curve as blue solid line, the pet owners’ demand curve in red ink, and the market demand curve as a dashed line in pencil. (d) (5 pts) Find a nonzero price at which there is positive total demand for dog polishers and at which there is a kink in the demand curve. What is the market demand function for prices below the kink? What is the market demand function for prices above the kink? (e) (7 pts) Where on the market demand curve is the price elasticity equal to -1? At what price will the revenue from the sale of electric dog polishers be maximized? If the goal of the sellers is to maximize revenue, will electric dog polishers be sold to breeders only, to pet owners only, or to both? 4. (28 pts) Governments in many cities around the world regulate the housing rent market by imposing a rent control policy. In essence, this policy puts a price ceiling (below the equilibrium price) on the amount of rent that landlords can charge in the apartment buildings affected by the policy. Assume for simplicity that income effects do not play a significant role in the analysis of the housing market throughout the following analyses. Suppose people have different preferences (reservation prices) on housing, so that as we can rank their reservation prices from highest to lowest to generate a downward- sloping aggregate demand curve. Let the supply curve of housing be upward-sloping. (a) (2 pts) Draw a supply and demand graph (as straight lines) with apartments on the horizontal axis and rents (i.e. the monthly price of apartments) on the vertical axis. Illustrate the equilibrium under the rent control policy. (b) (2 pts) Suppose that the city government can easily identify those who get the most surplus from getting an apartment. In the event of excess demand for apartments, the city then assigns the right to live (at the rent-controlled price) in these apartments to those who get the most consumer surplus. Illustrate the resulting consumer and producer surplus as well as the deadweight loss from the policy in the above graph you draw. (c) (3 pts) Now, suppose the city government cannot easily identify how much consumer surplus any individual gets — and therefore cannot match people to apartments as in (b). So instead, the mayor develops a “pay-to-play” system under which only those who pay monthly bribes to the city will get to “play” in a rent controlled apartment. Assuming the mayor sets the required bribe at just the right level to get all apartments rented out, illustrate the size of the monthly bribe in the above graph you draw. Explain. (d) (4 pts) Will the identity of those who live in rent-controlled apartments be different in (c) than in (b)? Will consumer or producer surplus be different? What about deadweight loss? (e) (3 pts) Next, suppose that the way rent-controlled apartments are allocated is through a lottery. Whoever wants to rent a rent-controlled apartment can enter his/her name in the lottery, and the mayor picks randomly as many names as there are apartments. Suppose the winners can sell their right to live in a rent-controlled apartment to anyone who agrees to buy that right at whatever price they can agree on. Who do you think will end up living in the rent-controlled apartments (compared to who lived there under the previous policies)? Explain. (f) (6 pts) The winners in the lottery in part (e) in essence become the suppliers of “rights” to rent-controlled apartments while those that did not win in the lottery become the demanders. Imagine that selling your right to an apartment means agreeing to give up your right to occupy the apartment in exchange for a monthly check q. Draw a supply and demand graph in this market for “apartment rights” and relate the equilibrium point to your previous graph of the apartment market. Explain. [Note: the shape of demand and supply curve of “apartment rights” depends on the distribution of preferences of people who win the lottery. You just need to correctly draw one possible case to obtain full points of the question.] (g) (5 pts) What will be the equilibrium monthly price q* of a “right” to live in one of these apartments compared to the bribe charged in (c)? What will be the deadweight loss in your original graph of the apartment market? How does your answer change if lottery winners are not allowed to sell their rights? (h) (3 pts) Finally, suppose that instead the apartments are allocated by having people wait in line. The rights to live in apartments are assigned at one time on one day. People can choose when to arrive at the government office to wait in line. In other words, people who wait longer (i.e. arrive earlier) have higher priority to get the rights. Who will get the apartments and what will deadweight loss be now? (Assume that everyone has the same value of time.) 5. (13 pts) Suppose guns are traded in a perfectly competitive market. The supply and demand functions are given by D(p) = 40 - p, S(p) = 10 +p, where p is the price in dollars. (a) (5 pts) Solve for the equilibrium price and quantity sold for guns. Suppose that the government decides to restrict the industry to selling only 20 guns. At what price would 20 guns be demanded? How many guns would suppliers supply at that price? At what price would the suppliers supply only 20 guns? (b) (3 pts) The government wants to make sure that only 20 guns are bought, but it doesn’t want the firms in the industry to receive more than the minimum price that it would take to have them supply 20 guns. One way to do this is for the government to issue 20 ration coupons. Then in order to buy a gun, a consumer would need to present a ration coupon along with the necessary amount of money to pay for the good. If the ration coupons were freely bought and sold on the open market, what would be the equilibrium price of these coupons? (c) (5 pts) Draw a graph to show the area that represents the deadweight loss from restricting the supply of guns to 20. How much is this expressed in dollars?
BUS 173C Five Year Financial Plan Case V1 The Company has raised the Series A round of financing as determined in the one-year plan. The Company has finished its first year (Year 1) and more capital needs to be raised. The three founders believe they can achieve more than $80m in revenue with a net profit of 17% by year 5. To raise capital, they need to pro forma Years 2-5 for their pitch deck. Year 1 data has been loaded in the template and is highlighted with orange cells. Yellow cells are input cells. (Caution: Due to the way the spreadsheet was constructed, there may be amounts in cells like Revenue that will change as soon as you put in your assumptions.) Using the 5-year template provided, pro forma the financial statements and determine the amount of capital the Series B investors should invest. Complete the template with your assumptions. See what the lowest cash balance is before determining how much cash needs to be invested by the Series B investors. The following assumptions should be input: Balance Sheet Accounts receivable days outstanding is 2 months Inventory days are 3 months Accounts payable days deferred are 1 month At no time can cash be lower than $5,000,000 Income Statement Cost of Goods can’t be lower than 50% and 40% for Large and Medium Everything else is up to you. Grading: Your pro forma plan will be peer reviewed for the following criteria: 1) Completed template 2) Reasonableness of the pro forma a. Do the common income statements and YOY changes make sense? b. Do the balance sheets move in a predictable manner for the growth rate? c. Hint: You may want to look at other public medical device companies to see what is reasonable.
MECH 260-202: Midterm 2 (2022W2) Questions 1. In the system below, the rope stretches slightly under tension; the product of its Young's modulus E andcross-sectional area A is EA = 1MN; the coefficient of friction between the rope and pulleys is very large, so the ropedoes not slip on the pulleys (if you prefer, you can imagine that the rope is pinned to the pulleys at the points of contact, which are labelled X and Y); the shafts are rigidly connected to the wall at A and C, but the bearings at B andD are frictionless; the length of the loaded portion of the rope (between the contact points) is Ltaut20cm as illustrated; and a moment Mappi =50 N·m is applied to the pulley at D. (a) (20 points) What are the reaction torques at A and C? (b) (4 points) The rope will fail at a tension of 10kN. What is the overall factor ofsafety for the design (rope and shafts) under the given loading? 2. A long slender beam is subjected to a varying bending moment as illustrated below: As illustrated in detail below, the beam's cross section has left-right symmetry but not top-bottom symmetry. The beam is made of steel, which has E = 200 GPa. (a) (10 points) Find most tensile and most compressive bending stress experiencedanywhere in the beam. (b) (2 points) Mark the location (s) where the most tensile and most compressive bending stress appears in the "Side View" section of the diagram above. Be sure to labelwhich is which.
NANO203 2025 Homework #2 Instructions: You may use the literature and library resources but not Chegg or similar sites. You may not work with other classmates. Please upload a Word file or PDF to Canvas. 120 total points. Due: Due at 5:00 PM on Friday March 14. I will post the key shortly after that so you can use it to study for the final. 1. We discussed the Hall-Petch effect in our discussion of nanoarchitectures: There is a grain size of ~30 – 100 nm where the material is strongest. Is the Hall-Petch effect discussing single crystalline systems or polycrystalline systems? Why do grain sizes < 30 nm have decreased strength? Why do grain sizes greater than ~ 100 nm have decreased strength? (15) 2. Layer-by-layer assembly using spinning usually offers films that are smooth and stratified. Why would you ever want to use an immersive process? Also, name and describe three ways that people characterize systems created by layer-by-layer assembly. (14) 3. Which two forces underly the adhesion properties of natural gecko setae? Which one predominates? (4) 4. We discussed three printing-based approaches to assembly: nanoimprint lithography, transfer printing, and inkjet printing (6) a. Rank them in terms of costs: most expensive first to cheapest. b. Rank them in terms of spatial resolution: best (smallest) resolution to worst. 5. What’s the difference between a z statistic and a t statistic on Student’s t-table? (6) 6. Explain why nanoparticle size is so critical in dielectrophoresis-based self-assembly. Name other knobs you have to increase the strength of dipole/dipole interactions in dielectrophoresis-based assembly? Which direction would you turn them to increase the strength? (15) 7. You have developed a couple new methods to make coatings on a substrate. You measure the new coating thickness multiple times and note that it is 2.80 nm, which is roughly 13% higher than the old method (2.48 nm). a. What is the 99% confidence interval of these two data sets? What about the 90% confidence interval? Which interval is wider? Does that make sense? Note: people use both t-statistic and z-statistic here; please use the z statistic for grading consistency. Do this by hand and show all work. (15) b. How much confidence do you have that method 2 makes thicker coatings than method 1? Do this by hand and show all work. Then do this with excel. Compare methods. (15) c. The 3.50 nm trial seems to be an outlier. Can you reject this data point? If so, how much confidence do you have in doing this? (10)
Department of Bioengineering MEng Engineering Courses Arduino 1st Year Task sheet Summer Term, 2021 Syllabus: • The uses of Development kits and role in product development. Standard tools available for development work, role of Open Source tools. The marketplace of development system / tools. • Alternative technologies to embedded microprocessor based, and relative choices. • Programming an embedded processor with a high-level language (C): A range of commands, program control, developing a clear style. • Basic concepts of data flow in an embedded system: Analogue to digital conversion, Digital to Analogue conversion, sensors and transducer. Learning Outcomes: At the end of this course, participants will be able to: • Code a Sketch in Arduino code, download it into a target board and test it runs • Describe the typical uses ofan Arduino • Place the Arduino in the marketplace of available development system, with its relative advantages and disadvantages against other possible solutions Assessment This activity forms part of Design and Professional Practise. The intention is you keep a portfolio and demonstrate that you can setup a commercial development environment and use it to write and modify code, and then download it to given hardware. Introduction and Overview You should have now received a kit of parts: • Arduino (Nano or UNO) • Solderless breadboard, if needed, with wires • LED, Resistor, Buzzer (possibly not) All students with a PC should have downloaded Arduino version 1.8.12. There is a link from the imperial software hub. Students with an apple device should have downloaded the latest Arduino IDE for Mac. For this task, please download the IDE for the desktop – do not run from the web-based web app. If you have a Nano, supplied by the college it will have the CH340 USB chip. Your PC may not have the driver for this device. How to Install CH340 Drivers - learn.sparkfun.com has a lot of good advice on this topic, and many others to do with Arduino. You may wish to come back to this task - or take this further (perhaps for a project?). The activities are mainly of a practical nature. There will be technician and GTA support at prearranged times – if you are unclear of anything please ask – there are no silly questions! Introduction: As digital logic has progressed (Moore’s law - if unaware of - google it) the role of small computers has evolved. The Television and computing have, to an extent, converged. There are increasingly very small computers doing trivial tasks - in a car the door may contain a small computer that reads the up /down buttons and operates the motor accordingly. This has led to a very, very, big market for “micro-controllers” – a whole small computer on a chip Naming Convention: “Microprocessor” – the CPU – “central processing unit” of a computer - this might be very large – e.g. Pentium processor clocking at 3GHz with over 1000 pins, or very small, clocking at, say, 1Mhz. “Micro-Controller” - A single chip computer. Typically contains the CPU and some memory (non – volatile for the program, volatile for data) and input/ output circuitry etc. Very small, cheap- pennies. “SoC” – System on a chip. Some markets are so large that it is worthwhile to deliver a dedicated integrated circuit just for that functionality. They typically contain one or more microcontrollers, and some dedicated logic circuitry – perhaps designed in a program like Quartus II. Examples include televisions, consumer electronics, games, medical devices. “Open Source” - Some software is released “free” to use. Typically, the company will aim to make profit from added services, for example technical support. There is a lot more to this – “free” is a complex term. “Development board”: To sell a microprocessor chip the chipmaker often designs an example system or “development board”. This saves the system designer a lot of the design work. Buying the chips allows you to copy elements of the design (care needed for commercial products!). What is an “Arduino” Arduino is an “open source” hardware “platform” . It is a small printed circuit board with components on. It is also a software program running on a PC (or Mac). The software is an “IDE” - Integrated Design Environment. If you want the code to read a temperature sensor, or the code to play a tune – somebody else has already written it and published it (better to give than receive!). The circuit design for the hardware is openly published. The code for the IDE is published. “Open Source” – good and bad. You may prefer the comfort of being a customer - with commercial liabilities. See Appendix A for competitors for Arduino – The Arduino sits in a market-place worth billions of dollars of microcontrollers and development kits for microcontrollers. Ifa “Compiler fell on your toe- would it hurt?” Arduino calls programs “Sketches” . The Arduino IDE include a “compiler” . A complier takes a text file of commands in the chosen high-level language (in this case C) and produces machine code, 1s and 0s of valid instruction for the chosen micro-processer. So, a compiler is a software tool, like Microsoft Office, or Matlab are. Also had an upload function – writing to the hardware. TASK1: introduction: Writing your first “Sketch” (program). BLINK! a. Everything between /* … . */ is ignored - it isjust a comment for us humans. b. Everything on a line after // is ignored -just a comment c. Every command inside { … . } becomes like one statement together d. Every “sketch” has a setup part (which is only done once) and a loop part which is done repeatedly. e. Every command is separated by ; f. “Compiling” turns this text file into an executable program for the Arduino (the buttons “compile” and “upload” are in menu bar . (Hover on them!). g. “Uploading” sends the executable to the Arduino –which stores it permanently and runs it. h. The “IDE” helpfully colour codes- grey for comments etc. TRY IT! (Blink is already typed in for you – if you start IDE program open file/examples/basic/blink) 1. (Will need to go into tools menu and select which device you have- i.e. Nano or UNO) and possibly which USB port your device is on – typically the highest value e.g. COM9. See appendix D for more help details. 2. After compiling and uploading – prove to yourself it is stored in the Arduino. Unplug it and plug back in again- without downloading again or even opening Arduino IDE- is it still there? Still blinking? You have written, compiled, downloaded and test a simple program! 3. Try replacing LED_BUILTIN with 13, does it still work? 4. Is “digitalWrite” case sensitive? (try it) 5. Try varying the relative delays for the time on and the time off. What units are the argument of delay in? 6. If you have one, connect the buzzer between pin 13 and ground (find it on Arduino – it is labelled). “Middle C” is 262Hz (i.e. 262 cycles per second). Can you make a noise / play a tune? / is resolution of delay function fine enough? Is there a similar function with a finer resolution – e.g. microseconds? (Google?) (If you do not have a buzzer- an old headphones or a small speaker from an old radio would do instead – else omit this part). TASK2: Developing “blink” program into Pulse Width modulation – simple example We have seen we used a “function” called “delay”. A function is a number of lines of code we can call up as one- like a program within a program. Typically, it has one or more argument inputs, and may return a value. There are a large number of pre-written functions (such as delay) – or we can write our own. The output pins ofthe Arduino are wholly digital – they can output a 0 (=0V) or a 1 (or “high”) = 5V. Often we want not just an on or ff= but a variable (e.g. the speed of a motor- the energy into a heater etc.). Arduino copes with that by use of“Pulse Width Modulation”. Tasks Rewrite “blink” so that the output is high for 10% of the time and low for 90% of the time (and the frequency >50Hz). Repeat for 90% high / 10% low. Note brightness of led. We have just done “pulse width modulation” – the signal –or value – modulations (controls) the width of the pulse. We want to use the PWM process a lot. The chip inside the Arduino has some circuitry to do it for us. The IDE gives us a function to call it up (AnalogWrite). Open the program “Fade” which is in the FilesexamplesBasic menu. Notice The function “AnalogWrite” has two arguments. What are they? a. Investigate “tone” function. Write a sketch to play a tune of your choosing. (If have buzzer or speaker) b. Investigate “libraries” and the “include” compiler directive. Task 3: Inputs: Use of “sensors” We saw in the last task, while the Arduino has no analogue outputs – it has pseudo ones by the use of PWM. To process analogue values the Arduino has six analogue inputs. (Named A0 to A5). The analogue inputs, by default, return a number between 0 and 1023 – representing between 0V and 5V Tasks: 1. Take a wire from pin marked A0 to pin marked 3.3V Run AnalogSerialRead (in the examples directory). Run the serial monitor (in tools). What value is returned for 3.3V. Move the wire from 3.3V to 5V – should now see 1023- What is (3.3/ 5)*1023? Now move to GND, what do you see? Leave it dangling - what do you see? 2. Experiment with serial plotter (if on your version Arduino IDE – not on all). It is almost like your own oscilloscope – admittedly at very low frequencies! We can think of almost any microprocessor based system as being some real process (“the real world”) which we measure – with a sensor and an ADC, some processing power, a DAC and then actuator / transducer. We measure the real world, think about it, and do something about it. (A classic example is a heating system- the heat output is inversely proportional to the temperature difference between the actual measured temp and the “set point”). Figure 4 3. For the following systems – State which is input, output, and what the process going on is? a. A Television b. A cash machine c. A hospital ultrasound scanner d. A digital stethoscope e. A TENS unit Other ideas: (All optional -Summer fun!) 1. Use the circuit in appendix A to control a motor or a light bulb (will need to source a npn transistor and a dc motor – perhaps from a toy?) 2. If you have potentiometer available connect its ends between 3.3V and GND. Then the wiper will be a variable voltage. Read it (using analogRead) and change value of tone. (Careful – the input is 10bit (0->1023) the output is 8 bit (0->255). 3. Investigate “map” function. 4. Go back on a circuit you made elsewhere – e.g. stethoscope or digital logic tasks. See if can do it with an Arduino and in software - which is better? 5. Install a frequency measuring app on a phone - and look at spectrum of the output of tone. 6. Get a BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy module) and pair it with a mobile device. 7. Use “Tone” at very low frequency” and feedback toA0 (Analog in). Watch with Serial plotter. Investigate code for “low pass frequency filtering”, effect on wave form. (Actually, a simple low pass filter can be a “running average” -e.g. the average of the last 3 samples- can implement with 3 variables – or better an “array” and a “pointer”). Appendix A: Competitors to Arduino: Using the Arduino is one way to develop a digital system. If the system is to be in relatively high cost, small numbers it is possible that an Arduino could be in the final product sold. Alternatively, the circuitry from theArduino can be copied (ithas a main microcontroller from Atmel), and amalgamated with any add-on ICs to make a final circuit. In that case, we are using the Arduino only for development purposes- it is our “development platform” . Most micro controller IC makers have for sale development platforms to facilitate designing in their IC into your products. Suppliers like NXP, Freescale, ST all sell ICs based upon the ARM micro-processor and have a range of development platform. Texas Instruments (ti) have their “Launchpad” range which are similar to Arduino – but higher cost, greater functionality, and a little less accessible to get started. Raspberry Pi: This is based upon a Broadcom ARM processor (the type that might be found in a tablet). It is low cost. It is nearer a PC – for example it has a socket to plug a monitor in, and a USB host socket. It is aimed at the hobbyist market, similar to Arduino – but higher cost, higher functionality. It is perhaps more accessible – it run lynux and presents similar to a PC type desktop. Coding tools for a range of users have been developed – including children. PIC Prior to Arduino the major IC for small simple / hobbyist embedded systems were the PIC family. Very low cost development board are available – and so much functionality is on the chip it takes very little extras to make a system. Often PICs were programmed in assembler language –which is more like the machine code – but C compiler are available. The PIC family has a wide range- from very simple in 8 pin packages, to complex ones with a lot of input/ output including USB, complex processors, and many extra blocks. FPGA: “Field Programmable Gate Arrays” are ICs with arrays of NAND gates and flip / flops /timers etc. They come “uncommitted”. There is programmable interconnection between the gate and timers etc. We can program in combinatorial and sequential logic functions into them, using a development system such as Quartus II. (Quartus is the compiler, which takes the designed logic relationship and translates it into which fuses to blow or leave intact to interconnect to give that functionality). One can buy low cost development boards. It is not unusual for a new design –for example in a printer- to go into production with the design on an FPGA and after many 10s of thousands sold for the design to be moved to a dedicate SoC (system on chip). PC: For complex systems it is not unusual to use a PC board in an embedded system. For example many tills and medical devices are actually PCs – in a smaller size called PC104. This reduces development costs- but increases unit costs (but many start-ups are short on capital – but intend a high margin). Appendix B: Controlling Real things (optional) The Arduino has outputspins that are set to be 0V or 5V. They are not designed to provide significant energy. (If we present a load of 1k Ohms to ground then 5mA will flow out- good engineering suggests do not exceed this by much- but pins are actually rated a little higher). We can use a transistor as a switch, to “buffer” the pins. Below is a BJT (bipolar junction transistor) version of the circuit. 1. Build this circuit on breadboard and modify your code so that the motor toggles every 2s between two distinct speeds. (May need to use a different generic npn BJT). The lab has numerous –look at marking, i.e. the number and find its “pinout” online. 2. Research “flywheel diode” and thus explain its use in the circuit below. Appendix C: Problems with Wearables and Arduino / BLE 1. Many devices which are intended to be “wearable” come across body fluids/ sweat etc -liquids and electronics do not mix well. 2. There are mechanical issues with making a rigid PCB and battery conform to a moving biological surface. There are particular problems with any wire connections / typically soldered. Conductive thread is sometimes used — perhaps better to have no wires? 3. Flexible PCBs are possible — maybe a more suitable technique for a wearable? 4. The Arduino is not optimised for low power (in a wearable power consumption is critical) other very low power devices optimised for battery usage are available 5. If Arduino is used — it is probably best to use one with BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) built in.
