Physiology Workshop 2: Cardiovascular Physiology BIOM20002, semester 2, 2024 Cardiovascular Workshop Contents In this workshop, you will learn more about the principles behind basic cardiovascular physiology, such as the maintenance of blood pressure and heart rate. The following workshop activities will cover these learning objectives: ● Understand the function of, and mechanisms behind, the baroreflex. Predict the baroreceptor reflex response to a decrease in arterial blood pressure. ● Define and calculate cardiac output (CO), and describe the factors that affect CO. ● Define and understand cardiac cycle, systole and diastole, and be able to define end systolic volume (ESV), end diastolic volume (EDV), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF). ● Define venous return (VR) and describe the factors that can alter venous return. ● Understand the relationship between myocardial fibre length, EDV, cardiac contractility, and SV. Describe how changes in EDV affect SV and CO (Frank-Starling law). ● Provide examples of chemical signalling molecules that alter HR, and the mechanism in which they act. ● Define systolic arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure. Given systolic and diastolic arterial pressures, calculate pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP). ● Understand how MAP relates to cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR). ● Define vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Understand the major local factors that affect total peripheral resistance (TPR). ● Define myogenic autoregulation and explain its significance in the local regulation of blood flow ● Understand the role of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and parasympathetic nerve activity (PSNA) in the control of blood pressure, heart rate, heart contractility and cardiac output. ● Explain the equation that regulates blood flow to pressure gradient and resistance of the system. Understand how each variable is impacted as one variable changes. ● Understand how blood pressure is affected in various illnesses and situations. Simulation 1: Baroreceptor Reflex Part I Recommended readings: · StatPearls: Physiology, Baroreceptors: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538172/ · StatPearls: Physiology, Cardiovascular: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493197/ · Autoregulation of organ blood flow: https://cvphysiology.com/blood-flow/bf004 Click on the following link: https://justphysiology.com/Modules/view/750 · Add variables for Stroke volume, cardiac output, TPR, MAP and blood brain flow 1. State Ohm’s law and the physiological mean arterial pressure (MAP) equations. ( 2 marks) 2. Determine the baseline: (2 marks) a) 10mins lying (not changing any other parameters) i. Calculate MAP from systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) using the values below: SBP = 120 mmHg DBP = 80 mmHg ii. Compare that to the ‘actual’ value using the values in the simulation (1 mark) iii. How similar are they? Always keep in mind that calculations are only estimations of the measured values. (1 mark) 3. Determine the ‘Normal’ response to standing: (5.5 marks) a) Stand for 10mins (all other fields kept as default (do not change values) i. Which parameters immediately change upon lying (within the first 2 minutes), and in what direction: increased/decreased? Input values in table below. Table 1 : At the end of two minutes MAP (mmHg) SBP (mmHg) DBP (mmHg) CO (ml/min) HR (beats/min) SV (ml) TPR (mmHg/(ml/min) SNA Baroreflex Nerve Activity Vagal Firing Brain Blood Flow (ml/min) At 10 min At 12mins Select either ↑/↓ Decrease in first 2 Minutes Increase in first 2 minutes ● ● ii. Explain why these changes occurred during the change of positioning. (5 marks) 4. Consider the immediate impact of standing on both sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and total peripheral resistance (TPR). a) How would you predict the change in SNA to impact TPR? (1 mark) b) What actually happened to TPR in the first 5 minutes of standing? (1.5 marks). Please include in your answer any values that can help explain this answer. c) Fill in the table below: (you may need to export table into a spreadsheet) (8 marks) Time (min) TPR (mmHg/(ml/min) % change from supine Brain Blood flow (ml/min) 10 (supine) 11 (standing +1 minute) 12 (standing + 2 minutes) 13 (standing +3 minutes) 14 (Standing +4 minutes) 15 (standing + 5 minutes) 17 (standing + 7 minutes) d) What is “Autoregulation”? Describe two forms of blood vessel autoregulation in systemic circulation. Be sure to include details about stimuli and response. ( 3 marks) e) Provide a possible explanation for the observation of changes in the TPR. ( 3 marks) (~100 words) f) What might happen to TPR if there was no myogenic response upon standing? (Consider plotting TPR vs Brain Blood flow for your own understanding) (2 marks) g) Would you see the same response in TPR if the person was passively tilted, rather than standing up actively? Why / why not? (2 mark) h) We know that cardiac output (CO) is related to heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV), so why didn’t SV change in the same direction/shape as HR? (Consider plotting stoke volume (SV) vs HR to aid understanding) (3 marks) i) What happened to these measured parameters at 5 minutes of standing (e.g., increased / decreased further, returned to baseline, etc)? (2 marks) MAP(mmHg) SBP (mmHg) DBP (mmHg) CO (ml/min) HR (beats/min) SV (ml) TPR (mmHg/(ml/min) SNA Baroreflex Nerve Activity Vagal Firing Brain Blood Flow (ml/min) Baseline 5 min after standing Select either ↑/↓/= j) What are the potential mechanisms that caused these changes? (3 mark) k) What is the relationship between CO and HR? Why does an increase in HR lead to a decrease in CO? (Consider plotting SV vs HR) ( 2 marks) 5. What would happen if the baroreflex is clamped? (Clamping is holding something steady/not allowing it to change) Restart the simulation and set it for 10mins lying for baseline measurements. Then, turn the carotid clamp on at 95mmHg and set the simulation for 10mins lying. a) What are the changes you noticed with just the clamp being on? (2 marks) 6. Then, with the carotid clamp on at 95mmHg, set the simulation for 20mins standing. Reference data points collected in your responses. a) How similar/different are these results compared to when the clamp was off? (2 marks) b) Explain the mechanism/s behind this similarity/difference? (1.5 marks)
FIT5120 Iteration Proposal Presentation 2025 S2 V1 Iteration Proposal Presentation Guidelines Important Note: Generative AI tools are NOT allowed to be used in this unit’s assignments unless it is specified in their instructions and guidelines. Summary You will present (showcase) an iteration proposal to your Mentors, to explain and justify your product idea and your plan to deliver. A copy of your presentation slides is due at the start of your studio and to be uploaded in your Project Governance. Your Project Governance Portfolio will also be reviewed and marked. Please see the Project Governance guidelines. Objectives The objectives of this deliverable are to: ● Have a deliverable to negotiate with a non-IT sponsor and other IT stakeholders to get agreement on the proposed project; ● Have a clearly articulated real problem statement and audience definition for the project; ● Have a concise, informative and effective “elevator pitch” that is demonstrated to the mentors; ● Identify and describe the audience, initial solution and constraints for the project; ● Provide a basis for the continuous deployment of the system; ● Identify and plan for risks unique to this project; ● Develop solutions to real world problems; ● Obtain feedback to ensure that the proposed project is viable and appropriate; ● Provide a basis for the continuous delivery of (and during) projects. The educational aims of this deliverable are to give you the opportunity to: ● Critically enquire and create innovative solutions informed by research into topic areas and relevant open data; ● Make use of problem-based learning and develop problem-solving; ● Develop further, approaches and other strategies that clearly aim to build skills in analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and hypothesis testing; ● Document the analysis, visualisation and practical application making up the background to a project proposal; ● Provide the justification for undertaking a project; ● Identify and document the proposal while understanding different audience needs; ● Interact and negotiate with mentors; ● Design and control a project suitable for an iterative system development project; ● Understand the value of the review process and incorporating feedback to improve the quality of a deliverable; ● To practise your summarising, presenting and feedback skills; ● To demonstrate to apply your individual earnings from discipline to your product. Audience The deliverable is intended for the academic mentor should they want to see it, the academic supervisors and the development team. The academic supervisors will use the deliverable to help check that the scope of the system is reasonable and that the work performed is of appropriate quality. Assessment Your academic mentor will provide you feedback on how your team presented. Description The showcase will commence with the elevator pitch ( please to refer to the Moodle pre-readings) of your idea and will help you prepare and practise for any presentations to external stakeholders whilst gaining feedback to improve the problem space and solution that you have designed. It highlights some of the key items of the proposed idea and shows that you understand your problem and your solution. The team should be prepared for questions and feedback from staff ,and fellow students. This presentation to your studio peers ensures that all teams know what is being developed inside their studio. All the team members must speak and should be able to answer any questions raised by the industry mentors, mentors and peers. Aim for a 15 minute presentation. Aims The showcase aim is to: ● To gain feedback in order to improve the problem and solution. The educational aims of the presentation are: ● To develop and practise presentation skills; ● To practise summarising, reporting and use of feedback skills; ● To present to a variety of audiences including real world external stakeholders; & ● To show understanding of various designed problems and solutions. Guidelines Must commence with an elevator pitch before your team formally presents. Presentation guidelines as follows (it is expected that everyone in your team must present). Problem / Challenge This is the “WHAT” ; What is the problem or the challenge you are looking to solve, or the opportunity you are trying to create. This should be in the form of your problem statement. Note: Your problem statement should be 4-5 sentences providing a general description of the problem to be solved. Why is it important? Also, show evidence of the current problem via research or a current news article. Who (Personas) This is the “WHO” : Who is your idea aimed at - your selected target audience. You should be able to justify the selection of your target audience. Be specific. Do not write “everyone” . For example you cannot have all international students as your target audience. You could narrow your target audience based on age, location, demographic, etc. Plan for the Iteration, presented by MBIS or if not MBIS, then MDS. Include your Iteration plan showing the Must Have epics that you are planning to deliver as the next steps. ● You must walkthrough the epics ( features )that you are offering to deliver and what are the benefits of each feature for that iteration. ● High level prototype (consider UI/UX) eg wireframe or figma. ● To walk through the design thinking artefacts such as empathy map, persona ● To walk through the Customer Journey Map To analyse your product by creating a customer journey map for your product and emphasising in detail of the following elements: ● Look for points in the journey where expectations are not met. ● Identify any unnecessary touchpoints or interactions. ● Identify the low points or points of friction Please refer to the references on the customer journey map. 7 Ways to Analyze a Customer-Journey Map (nngroup.com) Open Data, presented by MDS/MAI ● List of open data sets that you will be utilising with supporting ERD model ● What insights (hindsight, foresight, insights) from a customer perspective that the data you found - how does that assist the user solve their problem ? ● Learning modes etc.. if applicable ( presented by MAI) Code Quality, presented by MIT ● High level System Diagram showing the entire system and its core components ● Illustrate and/or discuss how would you ensure code quality is incorporated for your final release ● How do you plan to pair programmes with the other disciplines ie share the pair programming roster? ● What is your estimating time and effort required for software development for each feature? ● List the user stories, acceptance criteria and test cases with a link to leankit. Security Plan, presented by MCS, if no MCS, then by MIT ● Identify the security considerations ● Security inspection/quality assurance of project code ● How you will carry out and document penetration testing ● Identify any problems from previous iteration and therefore improvements needed Proposed Solution This is the “HOW” : How will your application potentially solve this problem? Include high level details of what the solution will provide in this section. All artefacts must be in the project governance folder and leankit. Innovation, presented by MIT or MDS ● What innovative feature will be you delivering in this iteration and how will this benefit the user? Submission The iteration proposal presentation to your mentor will be presented as a team with a 7 - 10 page powerpoint slide proposing your idea with a problem statement, proposed solution, why it's important and target audience. Please refer to the above guidelines for further information. All team members should be able to answer any questions raised.
GEOS2821, 2025. Major project scenario and details Overview This document comprises two components. The first part, starting on the next page, is the consultancy brief. This describes the general scenario of the major report from the perspective of a brief given to consultants. The second part describes the requirements more from the perspective of what you need to do. Note that these are high level overviews. More specific details are given in the lab instructions. Consultancy Brief Expansion of the Smith’s Lake field station 2025 The University is investigating the expansion of facilities at the Smith’s Lake Field Station. This is primarily for accommodation but advice will be appreciated on expansion of other existing uses. Your company has been engaged to identify where any such expansion should take place. You must identify a location or locations that will: 1. Minimise any construction costs. 2. Minimise the impact on any conservation issues at the site. 3. Minimise the hazard from bushfires. Further, any location must also be: 1. Between 0.5 and 1 ha in area. If you identify larger sites then they will need to be subdivided to the appropriate size. 2. Further than 75 m from any swamps or wetlands. 3. Within 600 m of existing powerlines. 4. Within 1.6 km of Horse Point Road and its eastern extension beyond the field station. At your discretion you may also provide advice regarding the aesthetic merits ofthe site or sites. You are to document the processes used, both conceptual and technical, such that they can be repeated using our internally developed, closed-source geospatial analysis product (GAP). We are developing the GAP for application to a range of other sites so your documentation must be non-software specific as we do not have licenses for commercial software to verify processes. To support the above, you must explain for a non-technical audience and using figures: 1. The geospatial data structures used (e.g. raster and vector/feature), including their advantages and disadvantages for the nature of the task. 2. How to combine such data using map overlay processes. 3. Map projections and coordinate systems to identify the appropriate system. 4. The creation of new data sets or modification of existing data sets. The project must be completed in two stages. Stage 1. You are to develop a series of remote sensing products for the local area using remotely sensed data. You are to provide a set of processed image products and associated metadata. Specific details are provided in a separate document. Stage 2. Implement a GIS-based analysis to identify the optimal location or locations for any expansion. This will use some of the products from step one, in addition to other geospatial data sets. The analyses that you implement in Stage 2 must be fully documented and any relevant interpretations and recommendations given. Steps, including intermediate products, need to be clearly described. You are to use a fuzzy logic framework, and demonstrate why it is a better approach than Boolean logic. We are looking for good examples of maps that can be adapted and used as a template. All maps must depict waterbodies and a consistent set of roads. All maps must include legends, scale bars and north arrows. A location diagram is required for the report. It must include a false colour composite image of remotely sensed data for the area. For further information please contact Shawn Laffan ([email protected]). What does all the above mean for the remote sensing and major reports? The preceding page is the formal description of the project and sets up the scenario from the perspective of a consultancy project. The following provides more details about the major report from the perspective of the course and how you should approach it. These are some additional points to note. 1. The first stage of the consultancy scenario is the work you do for the remote sensing report. It is to be done individually. 2. The second stage of the consultancy scenario is the major report. It is to be done in groups of two or three people (no more, no less). 3. The marking criteria and expectations for the remote sensing report are provided on Moodle. 4. You need to write the major report from the perspective of a professional consultant, not a student. 5. The marking criteria and expectations for the major report have been given to you in the course outline. This document can be downloaded from the course Moodle site if you have misplaced it. 6. You will be required to provide a subset of your data sets with the major report (details nearer the due date). 7. The brief is written by the client to define the work completed by the consultant. You are writing a report, not a brief. To frame. the first two points another way, the analyses in this course consist of two main sections: (1) generation of a set of remote sensing data products, followed by (2) geospatial analyses to identify which location or locations are most suitable for expansion of the field station. The overall process is summarised in flow chart form in Figure 1. The notes below are general. Specific details are given in the lab instructions, or need to be worked out by you based on what you learn in the course. Initial references to the literature are given in the relevant lab instructions and the lecture notes. Remember that you need at least ten peer reviewed geospatial references for the major report, plus other domain-specific non-geospatial references. Collection and collation of input data sets Key steps: 1. Obtain data. 2. Image interpretation and exploration (spectral profiles, image enhancements, vegetation index surfaces - all derived from the remote sensing report). 3. Remote sensing image processing. 4. Define coordinate systems and reproject into a common coordinate system (MGA zone 56), as needed, to ensure all layers are in a common coordinate system. 5. Field survey of the fuel loads and land cover types around the field station. Figure 1. The overall flow of the major report. Major report analyses The main analysis has four principal parts: building cost, conservation value, fire hazard and their combination. The first two represent conflicts given they are different possible uses for each location, while fire constrains the set of possible building locations. The ideal site at which to locate the field station extension is one that minimises both the cost of building and any conflict with conservation values, while also minimising the potential risk from fire. Aesthetic considerations can be incorporated into the analysis but are best done as a final ranking step once you have identified a smaller set of candidate sites. The four parts of the analysis are each developed as separate models, for which overviews are given below. The level of detail for the final combination is very general since it follows similar principles as the preceding parts. We are using a fuzzy logic framework for several of the parts to allow for the inherent uncertainty and error in the model parameters and input data. The fire model is built first and then fuzzified, while the conservation, building and combination models are developed entirely within a fuzzy framework. Keep in mind that these are landscape scale analyses. Site specific analyses within any locations identified for building can be left to further work (i.e. you do not need to consider possible geotechnical issues at the building scale as they would be within the cell size we are using). Fire model This uses the MacArthur fire model. This is expressed as a series of equations and thus can be implemented using a GIS because each term in the equation is either spatially constant or its variation can be represented using a geographic layer. It is then a case ofusing map algebra to implement it. The fire model has the following components: • Fuel loads (derived from field surveys, land cover maps and phase 1 data sets). These determine the rate of spread of fire across flat ground. • Slope gradient (from a digital elevation model - DEM). This modifies the rate of spread to account for fire moving faster up steep slopes. • Any other factor such as temperature or wind direction is a spatial constant at the scale of this study which you can take from the instructions, or develop your own. Conservation model The conservation model consists primarily of developing zones with fuzzy boundaries around threatened flora and fauna, drainage lines and threatened or vulnerable ecological communities, and taller trees. It is up to you to determine how far these zones should extend. An important point is that these distances are inherently uncertain. This is why we are using a fuzzy logic approach based on distance analysis, and not using a buffer tool that generates abrupt boundaries. Building cost model The building model consists entirely of identifying sites that are relatively less expensive for building. Any issues of conservation that are not in the local environment plan do not need to be considered within this model. They will be incorporated into the site selection when we combine the building and conservation models. You need to identify locations that satisfy at least the following criteria: • Low slope gradient (derived from the Digital Elevation Model), • Close to existing vehicle access, • Not too far from normal voltage power lines. As noted above, if you elect to calculate aesthetic factors then it is simpler to incorporate them after the final combination as a ranking criterion rather than as a model component. The same can apply to incoming solar radiation, as the climate at the field site means that anywhere is suitable, so it is more useful as a relative measure of passive solar capacity. The final combination In the final combination you are attempting to identify a location that optimises the values of the preceding models but that also provides sufficient area to locate the field station expansion. An isolated 10×10 m cell that is identified as having optimal conditions is too small to be of any use. You need to target an area matching the criteria in the brief. Remember that you are looking for sites that have a good building cost score, while also having a low fire hazard. At the same time they must not be a location that is also of high conservation value. This is a two- step process and need not be complex. You first exclude any areas from the building model that have too high a hazard, and then compare the remaining locations with the conservation model to identify areas with low conflict. Once you have identified a set of potential building sites you need to identify those that are of the correct extent and rank them. This will involve calculating areas. This is inevitably an iterative process, so you will be running your models several times with different inputs and combination weightings. You may even decide to present multiple scenarios, for example one where conservation is valued highly and one where it is not. Site ranking Once you have your set of candidate sites you can then rank them based on their characteristics such as shape, size and average slope. You might also look for areas with better passive solar characteristics (using the DEM) or those with nice views and/or privacy (also derived from the DEM). Additional details Some additional points to remember when reading the brief and doing the project work: • People cause more problems than technology. • Everything changes faster than you would like e.g. user expectations. • Uncertainty is always with us. • Everything interacts with everything else. • Users often have very imprecise ideas of what they want - even if they say otherwise. • There is no single best solution. Normally there are several equivalent or near-equivalent solutions, and it often depends on the perspective one takes. • If you encounter a problem then the chances are that someone else has already solved it, or has solved something similar. You can leverage this.
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: MAY 2024 Module Code: ACF318 CRN 50302/50067 Module Title: Financial Accounting SECTION A - Answer question 1 Question 1 On 1st May 2020 Princeton plc acquired 80% of the shares in Dartmouth Ltd when the balance on the retained earnings of Dartmouth Limited was £110m and the balance on the general reserve of Dartmouth Limited was £10m. a) During the year ended 31st December 2023 Princeton plc sold goods to Dartmouth Ltd for £60m. Princeton plc sets its prices at cost plus 1/2. One quarter of these goods were included in the inventories of Dartmouth Ltd at 31st December 2023. b) None of the companies paid dividends during the year ended 31st December 2023. c) Princeton plc uses IFRS3 Method 2 to value Non-Controlling Interest (NCI). The fair value of the NCI at the date of the acquisition was £80m. d) Included in Princeton plc’s Receivables is a balance due from Dartmouth Ltd of £50m. Dartmouth Ltd.’s Payables include a balance due to Princeton plc of £40m. On 28th December 2023, a payment for £10m had been sent by Dartmouth Ltd to Princeton plc but was not received until 4th January 2024. e) The fair value of Dartmouth Ltd.’s property was £10m higher than book value at the date of acquisition. This has not been reflected in Dartmouth Ltd.’s financial statements. If Dartmouth Ltd had accounted for this revaluation additional depreciation of £1.2m would have been charged to date. Required: (i) Calculate the amount to be included in the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31st December 2023 for: a. Goodwill b. NCI and c. Consolidated reserves (11 marks) (ii) Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31st December 2023 (5 marks) (iii) Prepare a reconciliation of profits at 31st December 2023 (2 marks) (iv) Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31st December 2023. (7 marks) [Total: 25 marks] SECTION B - Answer any TWO questions Question 2 Bruges plc is a manufacturing company preparing its financial statements to 31st December 2023. Notes: a) The directors estimate that the income tax charge for the year will be £74,000. b) Inventory at 31st December 2023 was counted and had a cost of £988,000. c) At 31st December 2023 an impairment review of the intangible asset with an indefinite life has resulted in an impairment loss of £30,000. No adjustment has been made in the trial balance for this impairment loss. d) During the year the company entered into the following lease agreement for machinery during the year ended 31st December 2023. Lease term 5 years Lease payments 5 x £80,000 paid annually in advance Expected useful life of the asset 6 years PV of min lease payments £355,000 Rate of interest implicit in the lease 6.35% The payment of £80,000 was included in administrative expenses. e) The cost of the building’s element of the property, when purchased, was £650,000. The useful life of the building is estimated to be 50 years from the date of acquisition. Depreciation on buildings is to be allocated 75% manufacturing and 25% administration. f) Depreciation is to be charged on plant and machinery at 20% reducing balance. Required: (i) Prepare the journal entries and a brief description of the accounting treatment required to account for notes (a) to (f) above. (12 marks) (ii) Prepare the Statement of profit or loss and other Comprehensive Income and Statement of Changes in Equity for Bruges plc for the year ended 31st December 2023, and a Statement of Financial Position at that date, in accordance with relevant accounting standards as far as the information permits. (13 marks) SHOW ALL WORKINGS [Total: 25 marks] Question 3 (a) There were no disposals of land and buildings during the year. (b) Equipment which had cost £28.2m which purchased and when had a Net Book Value of £14.4m, was sold during the year for £9.5m. All appropriate accounting entries have been made in the financial statements. (c) The total amount paid in the year to 31st December 2023 in respect of leases was £706,000 of which £ 118,000 was interest. Leases were used to finance additions to equipment. (d) The corporation tax charge for the year to 31st December 2023 was £14m. (e) Debenture loans were repaid on 1st October 2023. (f) There were no interest charges other than debenture interest and interest on finance leases. (g) Investments in equities, which had a cost of £12.5m, were sold for £13.5m during the year. Required: Prepare a Statement of Cash Flows for Duke plc for the year ended 31st December 2023 in accordance with IAS7 Statement of Cash Flows. [Total: 25 marks] Question 4 Brown Limited is a manufacturer and retailer which has prepared its draft financial statements for the year ended 31st December 2023. The company had the following non-current assets at the start of the year 2023: - a) Brown Limited has the following depreciation policy: • Freehold land is not depreciated. • Buildings are depreciated on a straight-line basis over 50 years. • Plant and machinery are depreciated at 20% reducing balance. • Office equipment is depreciated at 10% on cost. b) On 1st July 2023 a piece of land was purchased as a location for a new manufacturing base. The following costs were incurred to 31st December 2023. c) In July 2023 Brown Limited purchased new plant at a cost of £1.5m. As this new machinery opens up the opportunity to export and create employment a local enterprise agency has agreed to provide grant assistance amounting to 10% of the cost. Required: Write a report: - (i) Discussing the requirements of IASB regarding tangible non-current assets. (10 marks) (ii) Explaining the treatment required for the above additions to non-current assets, setting out the alternative treatments available where a choice exists. (5 marks) (iii) Showing the non-current asset schedule for inclusion in the financial statements to 31st December 2023, clearly showing the different options where there is a choice of alternative treatments. (10 marks) [Total: 25 marks] SECTION C- Answer ONE question Question 5. “Accounting for intangibles needs to be revisited”. Required: Discuss the above statement, referring to relevant literature where appropriate. [Total: 25 Marks] Question 6. “Financial reporting no longer meets the needs of users as stakeholders are interested in more than the bottom line.” Required: Discuss the above statement, referring to relevant literature where appropriate, with particular reference to developments in sustainability reporting. [Total: 25 Marks]
Management Project Project B: An Examination of a Current Management Issue Abstract Table of contents Introduction including research question/aims/objectives Literature review (on the chosen management issue) Analysis: Reconciling the literature with the research question and reviewing the implications for organisations in general and/or management of organisations Conclusions and recommendations Individual learning outcomes References Appendices No data collection （ ） ▪ Individual ▪ Choice of company ▪ Individual learning outcomes (compulsory) 【 Principles of Finance, Accounting ad Financial Analysis, International Financial Markets and Banking, Professional Management Practice】 Use journals, relevant databases and books INSTEAD OF GENERAL GOOGLE Ask yourself.. How feasible is your project? Is there a starting point for your work such as previous or related research? Do you have enough time to complete it? Do you have enough available resources to work with? Do you have something to say about this topic? Are you interested in the topic? Project literature review Literature Review/research questions - RQs; A literature review must do these things: be organized around and related directly to the thesis or research question you are developing synthesize results into a summary of what is and is not known identify areas of controversy in the literature formulate questions that need further research Theoretical framework --Without theory, your work will be too descriptive and can result in poor grade. --Based on the RQ, you need to identify the most appropriate theory for your research and to explore its contributors Common mistakes Topic choice Plagiarised work No theory Descriptive No proper use of clinic sessions-too little too late Project Title: Project B: B. An Examination of a Current Management Issue A critical review of some development in any ONE Management area, for example, an examination of the growing practice of outsourcing the marketing function by organisations. Exploring the Implications of Virtual Work Environments for Employee Engagement and organisational Culture Transformation 3. Purpose of the Project and your Reasons for Choosing it. This project explores the influence of virtual working environments, which have come to represent an increasingly significant component of organisational operations in recent years, on employee engagement and the evolving nature of organisational culture. The motivation behind this study lies in the marked transformations observed in how teams align with organisational values, maintain effective communication, and sustain cohesion within an increasingly digital workplace. As hybrid and remote working models become a permanent feature of the professional landscape, it is essential to understand their long-term implications for engagement, culture, and performance. 4. Project Question(s) Qusetions: What psychological and social mechanisms link virtual settings to employee engagement? How do digital communication patterns and leadership styles moderate cultural cohesion within virtual teams? In remote-first organisations, what practical strategies can simultaneously sustain engagement and cultural identification? Expected achievements: The research aims to resolve existing contradictions within the literature—for instance, the tension between the autonomy-enhancing effects of remote work and the potential risks of employee isolation. In doing so, it endeavours to synthesise theoretical frameworks capable of accounting for the dual impact of virtual work on individuals and organisations. Ultimately, the study is expected to yield managerial insights into how culture and productivity may be preserved in remote or hybrid environments. Hypothesis: It is hypothesised that, under conditions of effective leadership and deliberate cultural reinforcement, virtual work environments can support or even enhance engagement. In the absence of such strategies, however, there exists a significant risk of employee disengagement and cultural erosion. 5. Personal Learning Objectives I aim to develop the ability for critical analysis, approaching issues from a managerial perspective to identify methods that can simultaneously enhance employee well-being—such as accommodating preferences for remote work—and effectively motivate productivity. 6. Relevant Past Studies The research draws on multiple frameworks from organisational behaviour and management theory: - Kahn’s Engagement Theory: Examines the alignment of emotional, physical, and cognitive energies in work—potentially disrupted or reconfigured by virtual settings. - Schein’s Model of Organisational Culture: Explains how culture operates at three levels—artefacts, values, and assumptions—and how each may be affected in digital workplaces. - Social Exchange Theory: Highlights how perceived reciprocity and trust underpin engagement and are challenged by reduced informal interaction. Key Literature Includes: - Zhou, Y. (2024). The Interrelationship Between Remote Work and Organisational Culture: Implications for Engagement, Productivity, and Leadership. - Raghuram, S. (2021). Remote Work Implications for Organisational Culture, in Work from Home: Multi-level Perspectives on the New Normal. - De Vincenzi, C., et al. (2022). Consequences of COVID-19 on Employees in Remote Working: Challenges, Risks and Opportunities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18). Although remote work has enhanced employees' flexibility and job satisfaction, their engagement and productivity have declined. The democratic leadership style. helps alleviate this decline. Leaders should promote clear communication, provide personalized support, and ensure that employees have the appropriate tools when working remotely. (Zhou, Y. (2024). The Interrelationship Between Remote Work and organisational Culture: Implications for Engagement, Productivity, and Leadership. Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences,131,164-172.) A model for analysing how social, technological and normative conditions regulate the relationship between remote work and organisational culture was proposed. (Raghuram, S. (2021).Remote Work Implications for organisational Culture In Work from Home: Multi-level Perspectives on the New Normal.) It was concluded that remote work has an impact on employees' productivity, performance and well-being, and that individual and organisational factors play a decisive role in employees' adaptation to remote work. Suggestions in management and practise were also put forward, such as team management strategies and measures to promote employees' physical and mental health. （De Vincenzi, C., et al. (2022).Consequences of COVID-19 on Employees in Remote Working: Challenges, Risks and Opportunities）
Guidelines for writing the major report GEOS2821, 2025 These are some guidelines to aid you in writing your major report. These focus on style and structure. This is not the only way of structuring it so do not let it stop you from using a better approach (but please pay heed to the term “better”). There is a lot here so be sure to read it several times, with gaps between to allow your subconscious mind to cogitate on its contents. Marking criteria and grades General marking criteria have been given to you in the course outline (additional details) document, as have grade descriptions following the SOLO taxonomy. Further to that: The basis for a pass mark is to show that you have followed the instructions and that you understand what you have done. More marks will be awarded for people who go beyond the instructions and show a greater understanding, including integration of material and concepts. A very well written report that shows a high quality understanding of the concepts, but with relatively simple analyses, will receive a maximum grade of distinction. A report presenting excellent analyses that improve substantially on the instructions, but containing issues with the presentation and writing, will also receive a maximum mark of distinction. Achievement of a high distinction requires both well executed analyses and a high quality report. Word count The word count should be 4500-6500 words, including the executive summary but excluding the bibliography. This supersedes any figures given in the course outline. The upper limit is to allow enough space for people who have implemented many innovations. The lower limit is a guide to ensure people provide enough details. This works out to 1500-2000 words each for a three person group so is not particularly onerous. Minimum number of references You are to have at least ten peer-reviewed geospatial references, i.e. these must be directly related to GIS and/or remote sensing. This is in addition to other general references such as sources of model parameters. As a rule-of-thumb you should have about 20 references in total. Further details are below. Key points from recent years Many of these are reiterated in the next section. This is an indication of their importance. • This is a GIS and RS report first and foremost. That must be your focus. • Use figures to explain concepts. a. You can re-use figures from textbooks and articles. Just remember to cite the course. b. Use ArcGIS Pro to make proper maps. Do not use screenshots. c. Build your own location diagram using ArcGIS. Remember that this must include a false colour composite of one of the Sentinel data sets you used early in the course. You can adjust the stretch and use infrared bands to show more variation. Its resolution should be sufficient for maps of the study region extent. • The consultancy brief clearly states that the methods need to be described in such a way that someone who does not have access to ArcGIS can replicate what you have done using a different software package. • Define GIS and explain why you are using it. The same applies to RS. • Use a logical structure so ideas build on each other. This does not mean everything is sequential but, if you use fuzzy logic across several models, then clearly it needs to be explained before all of them. The same applies to data sets used across the models. This is why the guidelines note this in the structure. • Cross-check your final site locations with other available imagery, for example basemaps in ArcGIS Pro or images in Google Maps. We know the vegetation data are not 100% accurate so use other data to help constrain your conclusions. People have in the past recommending swamps as good sites to build, which is clearly wrong. • Explain fuzzy logic and why we are using it. Use figures. • Explain map algebra. Use figures. • Explain the fuel load data sets. They are derived from field sampling on the field trip. And you can refer to the field sampling as being done by “field crews of sub-contractors” instead of “students” (one way of presenting the work as a professional report). • Think about your cell resolutions and what is the minimum resolvable feature. • Slope in these models always uses the DEM. It is topographic slope so is a function of elevation. • Think about the accuracy of your data sets and how these can be used to help define some of your distance parameters. Style (These are numbered to allow cross-referencing). 1. Write this report as if you will later use it as part of a job application to demonstrate your skills. What would you want a prospective employer to see? 2. Describe your methods in sufficient detail that someone else can repeat what you have done but using a different operating system and GIS software. Just saying you combined data sets is not sufficient. Give your parameters and describe the algorithms. Do not merely list the tools you used. Be sure to state that you used ArcGIS Pro 3.x, though (e.g. 3.3, as appropriate). The same applies to ENVI where you use your remote sensing products from the first part of the course. 3. Focus on the GIS and remote sensing side of things, and refer to the relevant background theory. That said, you do not need to provide the background theory behind everything you do. For example, for the fire model you need only state that you used the method of Noble et al. (1986) and then state the parameters you used. You do not need to summarise the paper. If there are relevant criticisms you are aware of then state them, citing any relevant literature and how you have adapted, or could adapt, your model for their potential effects. 4. This work is framed as a consultancy report so the presentation style. is slightly different from a scientific report. However, you still need to convey your ideas effectively and refer to the relevant literature to support your statements. 5. Please note that, while the word limit is a maximum of 6500 words including the executive summary, this is the MAXIMUM. Needlessly long reports indicate a lack of time taken to draft your report such that it clearly conveys your ideas. 6. This is a piece of formal writing. Avoid conversational terms and phrasing. 7. Be direct and concise. This sounds simple but actually requires some effort on your part in drafting the report. A basic principle is that it is easier to correct than to create. Accept that your first draft is likely to be of low quality but realise that you can only improve it once you have written it. This means that many of the ideas in the first draft will be poorly formed or conveyed, possibly even incorrect. However, once you have them on the page and out of your brain you can begin correcting or improving them. You will also have removed the bad ideas from your system, as writing something down (and sometimes reading it aloud) forces you to think it through more thoroughly without blithely skipping over any gaping chasms of flawed logic. 8. Ask a non-expert reader to read your report before you submit it. Ask them to flag anything they have to read more than once to understand, or where the writing is awkward. This is the “intelligent person test”, where an intelligent person who is not an expert in the field will still be able to understand the intent of your writing. 9. Explain fuzzy logic and why you are using it. This should normally be in a section before you describe the individual models, as it is used across several of them. This is important, hence it is also mentioned above in the feedback from recent years. 10. Describe model components where necessary and give formulae for the models where appropriate. For example, the detailed derivations of the parameters used in the fire model can be located in an appendix if they are needed, but the main calculations need to be present in the main document. 11. Do not list the limitations as a separate section at the end. This makes it look like it is an afterthought, which it should not be. Note any limitations in the document as they become relevant. In most cases this will be as you describe each model component, NOT as a subsection at the end of each model section. 12. Be specific when referring to quantities. Terms like “a few”, “a lot” and “a couple” are vague and loose terms. If the distance is 10 m, then say 10 m. If you are not sure of the exact value, or there is associated uncertainty, then say “approximately 10 m”. “There are more than 100 ocelots in the study area”, not “There are lots of ocelots in the study area” . 13. Do not be over-precise with your numbers. For example, fire model results should be to the nearest 100 kW/m. Your candidate areas for the extension should be in increments of 100 m2, as the cell is the minimum unit. If you have higher precision than this then you have probably simplified your polygons when converting the raster, which you should not do. This might look attractive but it is a distortion of your results. 14. Use the active voice in preference to the passive voice. Overuse of the passive voice can act as a soporific, and a sleepy reader is not what you want. A simple mnemonic is that “The cat sat on the mat”. Nobody ever says that “The mat was sat on by the cat”. 15. Avoid abbreviations in formal writing. For example, use “do not” instead of “don’t”, “cannot” instead of “can’t”. 16. The word “it” is an exception to the rule when using possessive apostrophes. “its” is the possessive form, while “it’s” is an abbreviation for “it is”. 17. Do not confuse the words “complement” and “compliment”. The former provides balance to something, such as a fuzzy membership plus its complement will equal 1. A compliment is when you tell someone that their hair looks nice. 18. Topology and topography have very different meanings. 19. Avoid singular/plural disagreements: “criteria” and “phenomena” are plurals of “criterion” and “phenomenon”, respectively. 20. Use Australian spelling. This means “neighbours”, not “neighbors”, and metres not meters for distances. (Note that “perimeter” is the correct spelling – it is not a distance unit, similar for “meter” when describing something a measuring device such as a water meter). Cross-referencing 21. A good strategy when writing is to minimise any forwards cross-referencing (where you refer to a section later in the report). If your argument depends on information from a section later in the report, then you should perhaps have already said it. You cannot put a roof on a house until you have built the frame. 22. Make sure you use backwards cross-referencing to direct the reader to where you have already covered a relevant point. Phrase this in the same way as for figures and tables. 23. When referring to figures and tables, do not use phrasing like: “Figure 1 shows where all the ocelots are in the study area, including their names and identifying marks. They are widely dispersed. The names and identifying marks were identified by Aardvark and Genyornis in 2015.” This is awkward and clunky. A better approach is to make your statement and then refer the reader to the relevant figures, tables and references. For example: “The ocelots are widely dispersed across the study area (Figure 1). Identifying marks and names for all ocelots have been described by Aardvark and Genyornis (2015) and are listed in Table 1.” Now the reader knows the ocelots are widely dispersed, and knows to look at Figure 1 to see how much this is the case. They also know to look at Table 1 for names and identifying marks, hopefully linked to the map through appropriate symbols (this should be noted in the caption). Finally, they can read the publication by Aardvark and Genyornis (2015) for more details beyond what you have said or used. They can expect to see its full publication details in the reference list at the end of the document, NOT in footnotes when using the author/year referencing system. You do not normally need to prefix references with terms like “refer to” or “see” . 24. The captions for the tables and figures should allow the reader to quickly assess what the figure is about and should not contain any information that is not also in the main text. They are essentially a short summary of what you want the reader to know once they have looked at the figure or table. Maps 25. Plot the identified sites using open polygons if you want to simultaneously show the value of some other variable such as solar radiation or slope. If your polygons are plotted using a solid fill then the reader cannot see what you are trying to show, and will perhaps wonder what you are trying to hide. 26. Add feature data to your maps so the reader can more easily cross-check between them. Roads and water bodies for this report. A reader who is unfamiliar with the study area be able to understand very little from these maps: References 27. The minimum number of peer-reviewed GIS and remote sensing related references is 10. You should have approximately 20 references or more once you have also cited literature on fire, conservation and the like. 28. Only peer reviewed literature will be considered towards the above number. This is a trivial task given the many references provided with the lab and lecture notes. Note that you should still list any non-peer reviewed sources where used. 29. Do not cite lecture and lab notes. The same applies to Wikipedia and similar web sites. 30. Do not cite the software documentation when describing concepts. Read and use the references cited therein. 31. You should refer to web sites you have gleaned data from. However, these will not count towards the minimum reference count. 32. Do not list any reference you have not cited. 33. List all references you have cited. 34. Spell references correctly. For example it is Noble, not Nobel for the fire model. 35. In-text citations should use an Author/Year style. For example “blah blah some important point (Smith and Jones, 1987)” or “…as noted by Smith and Jones (1987)”. See also the course outline. 36. Format your references consistently. Choose a journal style and follow it. It is easiest to choose a simple one that does not italicise journal names and the like, as that reduces the risk of errors. If you use a software tool like EndNote or Mendelay for your references then it will take care of formatting for you (as long as the database is correct). Report Structure Spend some time planning your structure before you start writing. This will make it easier to edit your first draft, saving time in the correction stage (see point7). You are likely to have a series of main sections, with a subsection for each of the models. In this case, you would have something like the following structure. Note that the text in each section represents suggestions for what you need to cover. Sentences in inverted commas are phrasing suggestions. Executive summary State clearly what you were required to do, what you did, and what your recommendations are. This is to be no more than half a page, 12 point font (approximately 250-300 words). You should refer to an accompanying map with your recommended locations. This should be on the same or the next page. Keep in mind than the executive summary is written for someone who has about 30 seconds to read it before they decide whether or not to pass it on to a subordinate for a more detailed reading. A rule of thumb is that a good executive summary will cover all the important details while being read aloud on a single breath. Introduction State the aim of the work and the reason for doing it. The consultancy brief is the statement of what to do. The analyses and report are where the work and results are described. Give the location of the study area using a location diagram. Do not assume your reader knows where Smiths Lake is, let alone Sydney. Say why you are using GIS and Remote Sensing to address the brief. There is no need to list three criteria then list three models. In the case of this report there is a one-to-one match, so one need only say that each criterion is addressed using its own model. Key data sets and software Be clear that your analyses were conducted using ArcGIS Pro version 3.x and ENVI 6.x (adding further details if you used other software). (See also point 1 above). This text is concise (but do not copy this text as it would constitute plagiarism, and also be incorrect since you did not use Landsat or generate a classification for use in the report): “The landcover classification was generated from a Landsat 8 image taken on XX-Jan-2023 using an unsupervised classification method (ISODATA, ). Further details have been given as part of phase 1 of this consultancy.” State what cell size you used. And how do the cell sizes of the DEM and the Sentinel images compare? What are the possible issues of any resampling? It is important to note that the MGA56 coordinate system was used, but equally one must justify why it is used. Analyses Explain fuzzy logic and why you are using it. Remember that fuzzy logic softens the impact of error (but see also chapter 13 of Burrough et al. 2015). Do not forget to explain the process of fuzzy overlay. Consider the unfortunate reader who has little familiarity with your methods and who then has to wonder what a fuzzy- OR operation is. Pay close attention to the values in your layers. Some people in previous years did not pay attention to their fuzzy values and how they were combined, so ended up recommending sites on steep slopes that were far from the roads. For this work, there is no reason to use anything but fuzzy-AND, fuzzy-OR and fuzzy- Complement in the overlay process. Use a different subsection for each of your three main models, including any variations. Use an additional subsection for the combination of these models. You might find that several sub-subsections are necessary for each, depending on how and if you have developed any alternative scenarios. If this is the case then you may have a further section to compare the different results. Alternately, these may all become subsections within the model combination subsection. You will likely also need a section for the site ranking process (solar radiation, views, comparison of model values and the like). If ridges were used in the fire model then you need to give the source of the data or explain how they were derived. Flow charts are very useful. You should improve on those given in the lab handouts. Recommendations This is analogous to the conclusions section from a normal scientific report. It does not need to be long. Fundamentally you need to say something along the lines of: “On the basis of our analyses, we recommend the university further investigate locations A, C and E (fig 10). Locations B and D are likely to be too costly to use, or may be overrun by cephalopods in wetter years.” Your conclusions will be somewhat longer than this, though. References See comments above. Appendices These are for large dumps of material that are not essential for the main text. Most of the figures should be in the main body of the report.
Assignment 1 (10 marks) Due – 11:59pm, 11 August 2025 There are two questions in this assignment: Question 1 is an LP problem, Question 2 is an NLP problem. Hint: First establish the mathematical model based on the lecture slides. Then get start with MATLAB. Get familiar with the MATLAB program codes provided, L1_ex1_ 1_simple.m and L1_ex1_3_simple.m or L1_ex1_ 1_standard.m and L1_ex1_3_standard.m. The simple version of these two codes do not include how to plot the feasible areas and are therefore more suitable for students who are not very familiar with MATLAB. Try to understand the functions in the programs by using MATLAB online help and reading the necessary document. Then obtain the graphical solutions to the following two questions by making necessary changes to the codes. Please go to the tutorial classes to know more about MATLAB, the modelling, and the detailed requirements. You must complete the MATLAB quiz in Week 0 before submitting Assignment 1, otherwise your assignment will be marked as a 0. Question 1: The Outdoor Furniture Corporation manufactures two products: benches and picnic tables for use in yards and parks. The firm has two main resources: its carpenters (labour) and a supply of redwood for use in the furniture. During the next production period, 3000 hours of manpower are available under a union agreement. The firm also has a stock of 5000 kilograms of quality redwood. Each bench that Outdoor Furniture produces requires A1 labour hours and B1 kilograms of redwood; each picnic table takes A2 labour hours and B2 kilograms of redwood. A completed bench yield a profit of $25 each, and table a profit of $40 each. Decide the numbers of benches and tables they should produce to maximize the profit. (1) Please choose the values ofA1, B1, A2 and B2 yourself arbitrarily from the following ranges: 5 ≤ A1 ≤ 10, 5 ≤ A2 ≤ 10, 8 ≤ B1 ≤ 40, 8 ≤ B2 ≤ 40, and establish the model of the optimization problem (LP with 2 variables). State clearly in words what the decision variables are, what the objective function and the equation/inequality constraints represent. (2) Obtain the graphical solution using MATLAB. Please ignore the fact that the number of benches and the number of tables should be integers. (3) Change one of the parameters to cause the optimal solution (optimal design variables) changes and solve the problem again. Question 2: A cylindrical coordinate robot is to be used for palletizing a rectangular area. Find the maximum rectangular area available within the annular foot-print of the robot workspace. Take r1=A mm and r2= B mm. (1) Please choose the values ofA and B yourself arbitrarily within the range 200 ≤ A < B ≤ 1000, and develop the mathematical model of the optimisation problem. (2) Draw the graphs and find the optimal solution (graphical solution). (3) Change one of the parameters to cause the optimal solution (optimal design variables) changes and solve the problem again.
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: JANUARY 2022 Module Code: ACF518/ACF566 CRN: 10071/16832 Module Title: ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING / CORPORATE REPORTING SECTION A – Answer BOTH questions Question 1 Ballina Plc (Ballina) drew up the following trial balance as at 31/12/21 Additional information: 1. Two major customers of Ballina were declared bankrupt in February 2022 and consequently will not pay their debts owing at 31 December 2021. • Easkey owed Ballina £9,000 at 31 December 2021. They had been trading profitably with no cash flow issues but a fire at their premises in January 2022 destroyed the business and their insurance had not been renewed due to a clerical error. The £9,000 had been owed for 7 days at 31 December 2021. • Rathlee owed Ballina £24,000 at 31/12/21. They had been having cash flow difficulties for quite some time. The £24,000 had been owed for 90 days at 31/12/2021 and Ballina had made numerous attempts to collect it. 5 marks 2 On 01/01/21 Ballina acquired an item of plant under a 3 year lease agreement. The agreement had an implicit finance cost of 8%. Ballina made an initial payment of £100,000 at the inception of the agreement and pays further annual payments of £80,000 on the 31 December each year. Ballina incurred expenses of £25,000 re shipping and installation of the plant. The only entries in the accounts are as follows: Plant and equipment is depreciated at 20% reducing balance. 10 marks 3 Due to a downturn in the property market the recoverable amount of one of Ballinas properties has fallen below its net book value. The property currently has a fair value less costs of disposal of £500,000. It has been included in the financial statements as follows: 4 marks 4 During the year, Ballina made one inventory purchase from a foreign supplier. The inventory was purchased on 31 October 2021 for €750,000. Ballina still held this inventory at 31 December 2021, the inventory’s net realisable value at this date is £800,000. Due to an administrative error the purchase was recorded in GBP Sterling as follows: It was also included in closing inventory at £750,000 The relevant rates of exchange were: 6 marks 5 On 01/01/2021 Ballina took out a £5million loan at a rate of 5% to finance construction of a new manufacturing facility. Due to delays with planning work did not commence on site until 01/03/2021, during this time Ballina invested the funds earning interest of £8k. Ballina continued to invest any unspent loan funds for the remainder of the year, earning a further £20k interest. Construction of the facility is still ongoing at the year end, all interest paid on the loan has been charged to Interest expense, all interest received on surplus funds has been posted to Investment income. 5 marks Required: Explain the required treatment of items 1 to 5 above. Your explanation should refer to relevant accounting standards and include any journal entries necessary to correct the trial balance. (30 Marks) [Total: 30 Marks] Question 2 The financial statements of BROWN Plc (BROWN), SQUIRE Ltd (SQUIRE) and MANNI Ltd (MANNI) are presented below. Additional information: 1. BROWN acquired a 20% shareholding in MANNI on 01/01/2021. The Directors of BROWN do not have a role in the day-to-day running of MANNI. 2. BROWN acquired 22.5 million £0.50 ordinary shares in SQUIRE on 01/01/2019. The retained earnings at that date were £25,000,000; the fair value of SQUIRE’s net assets was the same as their book value, with the exception of property. The market value of property was £4,000,000 above the book value. At acquisition, the property had a remaining useful life of 25 years, depreciation is charged to administrative expenses. The fair value of the remaining 7.5 million shares was £25,000,000 on 01/01/2019. BROWN values non-controlling interests at fair value when calculating goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries. 3. Since acquisition BROWN has become a customer of SQUIRE. SQUIRE’s Trade receivables include £2,200,000 owed by BROWN; total sales to BROWN since acquisition, were £12,000,000. SQUIRE sells goods to BROWN at a mark-up of 25%. At 31/12/2021, BROWN still held 30% of these goods in inventory. 4. An impairment test on the goodwill of SQUIRE, conducted on 31/12/2021, concluded that goodwill on acquisition is now impaired by 4%. The value of the investment in MANNI was not impaired. 5. SQUIRE paid dividends of £ 1,200,000 relating to the period from 01/01/2021 to 31/12/2021. MANNI paid dividends of £400,000 during the year ended 31/12/2021. All dividends receivable by BROWN have been credited to other income in the statement of profit or loss above. 6. All items in the above income statements are deemed to accrue evenly over the year. Required: Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss for the BROWN Group for the year ended 31/12/2021 and a consolidated statement of financial position as at that date. (Show workings including ALL JOURNAL ENTRIES REQUIRED) (30 marks) [Total: 30 Marks] Question 3 IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers has applied for accounting periods starting after 01 January 2018. Required: (a) Explain why there was a need for a new standard on revenue and what impact on the financial statements IFRS 15 is has had. (3 marks) FWD Plc (FWD) is a conglomerate business with a year end of 31/12/2021 working across many different industries. Details of their revenue for the year are provided below: 1. FWD run an online bike store. Bicycle and accessory sales for the year came to £8,500,000 spread evenly throughout the year. Customers have a 3 month period in which they may return items, based on past-experience, FWD expect 30% of sales to be returned. All goods are sold at a 40% profit margin, all returns are returned to the warehouse and sold at a later date. (5 marks) 2. FWD operate a chain of garden centre’s with total revenue of £2,500,000. Included in this revenue is £ 100,000 from the sale of gift cards which have not been redeemed yet. Gift cards expire after 12 months, based on past experience, 15% of gift cards will expire unused. FWD has no requirement to remit any unused funds to the customer when the gift card expires unused. (3 marks) 3. FWD also operate a construction company. They entered into a contract to build a large office block on 01/01/2021. The contract is to be treated as a single performance obligation to be satisfied over time. The contract price is dependent on completion date, with £8m payable if completed by 31/12/2022 and £12m if completed by 30/06/2022. FWD are confident of completing the contract by 30/06/2022. The total construction costs for 2021 were £4m, excluding inventory of building materials of £200k. FWD estimate the further costs to complete the contract at £1m. The customer made stage payments of £3m on 30/06/2021 and £2m on 31/12/2021, with the balance to be paid on completion. (9 marks) Required: (b) Explain how FWD should account for the above under IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts, along with any journal entries necessary to correct the financial statements for the year ended 31/12/2021. Question 4 Baileys Plc (Baileys) manufacture and install heat pumps. They are in the process of finalising their financial statements for the year ended 31/12/2021. They have made a number of provisions during the year as follows: (i) Baileys has sophisticated machinery which requires a major overhaul every five years, costing £2m each time. The company has decided to spread this cost over the five years preceding the overhaul, the first year’s provision has been recognised as follows: Journal Debit £ Credit £ Cost of sales 200,000 Provision for machinery replacement 200,000 (3 marks) (ii) Baileys offers warranties on goods which are not performing to the customers’ satisfaction. From past experience, 70% of customers make no warranty claim, 20% make claims which cost Baileys £200 to repair each unit and 10% make claims which cost Baileys £500 to repair each unit. Total sales for the year ended 31/12/2021 were 20,000 units. Baileys has no current provision for warranty claims, expensing each claim as it is received. (5 marks) (iii) The company has had recent difficulties with its Republic of Ireland factory and have decided to close it down on 30/06/2022, production will continue until this date. The Board of Directors approved this action at a meeting on 30/11/2021, they will inform staff of the closure and associated redundancies three months in advance of closure on 01/04/2022. The company estimates the cost of winding up operations at £600,000. No provision has been made as the factory will continue production until 30/06/2022. (4 marks) (iv) Baileys recently moved into energy production. It developed a wind farm at a capitalised cost of £2,000,000, commissioning it on 01/01/2021. As part of the planning conditions the wind farm must be decommissioned at the end of its 5-year life and returned to a green field site. It is estimated the decommissioning and site clean-up costs will be £250,000. There have been no entries made in the financial statements regarding site clean-up. The wind farm is to be depreciated straight line over 5 years, with a full year’s depreciation charged in the current year. Baileys has calculated a pre-tax discount rate of 5% on long term provisions. (8 marks) Required: Applying the principles set out in IAS 37, determine if the above items have been treated correctly, provide an explanation for your decision and, where necessary, indicate the correct treatment and any journal entries required. In the case of part (iv), prepare a schedule detailing the treatment of the site clean-up costs and associated provision (if any) over the life of the wind farm. (20 Marks) [Total: 20 Marks] Question 5 “In a future society, successful firms are going to be those that can link together the environment, society and their economic prosperity. They will look to the long term and find resources that are sustainable and assurance that those costs are not going to skyrocket. ” Michael Radcliffe, KPMG Director Global Sustainability Network (2002) Required: Explain what is meant by the green revolution in financial reporting and critically evaluate the attempts by the accounting profession to achieve greater transparency in reporting of environmental issues. (20 Marks) [Total: 20 Marks] Examinable accounting standards IAS1 Presentation of financial statements IAS2 Inventories IAS8 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors IAS10 Events after the reporting period IAS16 Property, plant and equipment IAS19 Employee benefits IAS20 Accounting for government grants and disclosure of government assistance IAS21 The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates IAS23 Borrowing costs IAS27 Consolidated and separate financial statements IAS28 Investments in associates and joint ventures IAS33 Earnings per share IAS36 Impairment of assets IAS37 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets IAS38 Intangible assets IAS40 Investment property IFRS2 Share based payment IFRS3 Business combinations IFRS5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations IFRS10 Consolidated financial statements IFRS13 Fair value measurement IFRS15 Revenue from contracts with customers IFRS16 Leases
N1612 BSc Accounting and Finance Second Year Intermediate Financial Accounting Mock Exam SECTION A In this section you do not need to explain your answer. Just state the letter of the response that is the answer that you have chosen. For each question choose only one letter that represents the best answer. This section has a 60% weighting Question1 Pat Plc acquired 80% Susan Ltd on 1st June 2022. In August 2022 Pat Plc sold a machine for £100,000 cash to Susan Ltd. Susan Ltd this machine to an external party in the same month. The related transactions were reported correctly in the books of the two companies. In preparing the accounts for consolidation, which of the following is correct: a. The PPE of both companies should be reduced by £100,000 b. The PPE of Pat Plc should be reduced by £100,000 c. The PPE of Susan Ltd should be reduced by £100,000 d. There is no adjustment needed for either of the companies. Question 2 AAP ltd acquired 70% of Joy ltd for £300,000 on 01.05.2013. On that date Joy ltd had in issue 200,000 ordinary shares of £0.5 (each issued at 80p when the company was incorporated). Joy ltd’s share price on 01.05.2013 was quoted at £1.05 and on that date the fair value of its identifiable assets was the same as their book value. On 01.05.2013 Juice's retained earnings were £180,000 and the fair value of its identifiable assets was the same as their book value. The goodwill in Juice (non-controlling interest measured at fair value) at acquisition date is: a. £40,000 b. -£97,000 c. £120,000 d. £23,000 Question 3 What is the amount of the unrealised profit to be eliminated if the parent’s year-end inventory includes at £540,000 goods invoiced to it by its 60% owned subsidiary at a mark-up of 25%. a. £108,000 b. £64,800 c. £81,000 d. £135,000 Question 4 Ruby Co owns 30% of Emerald Co and exercises significant influence over it. Emerald Co sold goods to Ruby Co for £160,000. Emerald Co applies a one-third mark-up on cost. Ruby Co still had 25% of these goods in inventory at the year end. What amount should be deducted from consolidated retained earnings in respect of this transaction? a. 2,000 b. 1,500 c. 3,000 d. 4,500 Question 5 Wetherby Co purchased a machine on 1 July 20X7 for £500,000. It is being depreciated on a straight-line basis over its useful life of ten years. Residual value is estimated at £20,000. On 1 January 20X8, following a change in legislation, Wetherby Co fitted a safety guard to the machine. The safety guard cost £25,000 and has a useful life of five years with no residual value. What amount will be charged to profit or loss for the year ended 31 March 20X8 in respect of depreciation on this machine? a. 37,000 b. 36,250 c. 35,250 d. 37,250 Question 6 On 30 September 20X7 the impairment review was carried out. The following amounts were established in respect of the machine: ＄ Carrying amount 850,000 Value in use 760,000 Fair value 850,000 Costs of disposal 30,000 What should be the carrying amount of the machine following the impairment review? a. 760,000 b. 820,000 c. 850,000 d. 800,000 Question 7 On 1 January 20X6 Fellini Co hired a machine under a four-year lease. A deposit of $700,000 was payable on the commencement of the lease on 1 January 20X6. The present value of the future lease payments was $1,871,100. A further 3 instalments of $700,000 are payable annually in advance. The interest rate implicit in the lease is 6%. What amount will appear under non-current liabilities in respect of this lease in the statement of financial position of Fellini Co at 31 December 20X6? [Answers to nearest $'000] a. $742,000 b. $1,283,000 c. $1,872,000 d. $700,000 Question 8 On 1 October 20X2 Pricewell Co entered into a contract to construct a bridge over a river. The total contract revenue was $50 million and construction is expected to be completed on 30 September 20X4. Costs to date are: Materials, labour and overheads: $12m Specialist plant acquired 1 October 20X2 $8m The sales value of the work done at 31 March 20X3 has been agreed at $22 million and the estimated cost to complete (excluding plant depreciation) is $10 million. The specialist plant will have no residual value at the end of the contract and should be depreciated on a monthly basis. Pricewell Co recognises satisfaction of performance obligations on the percentage of completion basis as determined by the agreed work to date compared to the total contract price. What is the profit to date on the contract at 31 March 20X3? a. $13,200,000 b. $11,440,000 c. $10,000,000 d. $8,800,000 Question 9 Intellect intelligence Co receives a government grant of $400,000 on 1st April 20X6 to facilitate purchase on the same day of an asset which costs $600,000. The asset has a five-year useful life and is depreciated on a 25% reducing balance basis. Company policy is to account for all grants received as deferred income. What amount of income will be recognized in respect of the grant in the year to 31st March 20X8? a. $75,000 b. $100,000 c. $125,000 d. $120,000 Question 10 By 19th August 2023 an evidence had emerged suggesting that Sussex Co's machine was impaired. Select the external indicator of impairment. a. The management decides to rearrange the business and the machine will not be used for two years. b. There is an unexpected damage happened to the machine c. There was a new legal requirement on reducing the useful life of the machine d. A fire in the factory had damaged part of the machine. Question 11 Derringdo Co is a broadband provider which receives government assistance to provide broadband to remote areas. Derringdo Co invested in a new server at a cost of $800,000 on 1 October 20X2. The server has an estimated useful life of ten years with a residual value equal to 15% of its cost. Derringdo Co uses straight-line depreciation on a time apportioned basis. The company received a government grant of 30% of its cost price of the server at the time of purchase. The terms of the grant are that if the company retains the asset for four years or more, then no repayment liability will be incurred. Derringdo Co has no intention of disposing of the server within the first four years. Derringdo Co's accounting policy for capital-based government grants is to treat them as deferred income and release them to income over the life of the asset to which they relate. What is the net amount that will be charged to operating expenses in respect of the server for the year ended 31 March 20X3? a. $10,000 b. $28,000 c. $22,000 d. $34,000 Question 12 Derringdo Co is a broadband provider which receives government assistance to provide broadband to remote areas. Derringdo Co invested in a new server at a cost of $800,000 on 1 October 20X2. The server has an estimated useful life of ten years with a residual value equal to 15% of its cost. Derringdo Co uses straight-line depreciation on a time apportioned basis. The company received a government grant of 30% of its cost price of the server at the time of purchase. The terms of the grant are that if the company retains the asset for four years or more, then no repayment liability will be incurred. Derringdo Co has no intention of disposing of the server within the first four years. Derringdo Co's accounting policy for capital-based government grants is to treat them as deferred income and release them to income over the life of the asset to which they relate. What amount will be presented under non-current liabilities at 31 March 20X3 in respect of the grant? a. $204,000 b. $228,000 c. $216,000 d. $240,000 Question 13 Derringdo Co also sells a package which gives customers a free laptop when they sign a two-year contract for provision of broadband services. The laptop has a stand-alone price of $200 and the broadband contract is for $30 per month. In accordance with IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, what amount will be recognised as revenue on each package in the first year? Select the correct answer from the options below: a. $281 b. $439 c. $461 d. $158 Question 14 A cash-generating unit comprises the following assets: $000 Building 500 Plant and equipment 120 Goodwill 60 Current assets 150 830 One of the machines, carried at $20,000, is damaged and will have to be scrapped. The recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is estimated at $690,000. What will be the carrying amount of the plant and equipment after the impairment loss has been recognised? (to the nearest $000) a. $90,000 b. $450,000 c. $80,000 d. $75,000 Question 15 Jean Co entered into a lease for an item of plant on 1st July 2020 which required payments of £20,000 to be made annually in arrears, with the first payment required to pay on 30 June 2021. The present value of the lease payments was estimated to be £ 43,294 at the commencement of the lease and the rate of interest implicit in the lease was 5%. Both the lease term and the plant’s estimated useful life was five years. There is no residual value of this item of plant at the end of useful life and Jean Co accounts for depreciation and finance charges on monthly basis. What is the total amount that should be charged to Jean Co’s statement of profit or loss relevant to this right-of-use asset for the year ended on 31st December 2020 [Answers to nearest £]? a. £5,412 b. £1,263 c. £3,030 d. £1,768 Question 16 On 1st October 20X5 Dearing Co acquired a machine under the following terms. £ Cost 1,050,000 Trade discount (applying to cost only) 20% Freight charges 30,000 Electrical installation cost 28,000 Staff training in use of machine 40,000 Pre-production testing 22,000 Purchase of a three-year maintenance contract 60,000 On 1st October 20X7 Dearing Co decided to upgrade the machine by adding new components at a cost of £200,000. This upgrade led to a reduction in the production time per unit of the goods being manufactured using the machine. What amount should be recognised under non-current assets as the cost of the machine on 1st October 20X5? a. £840,000 b. £898,000 c. £870,000 d. £920,000 Question 17 On 1st October 20X5 Dearing Co acquired a machine under the following terms. £ Cost 1,050,000 Trade discount (applying to cost only) 20% Freight charges 30,000 Electrical installation cost 28,000 Staff training in use of machine 40,000 Pre-production testing 22,000 Purchase of a three-year maintenance contract 60,000 On 1st October 20X7 Dearing Co decided to upgrade the machine by adding new components at a cost of £200,000. This upgrade led to a reduction in the production time per unit of the goods being manufactured using the machine. How should the £200,000 worth of new components be accounted for? a. Charged to profit or loss b. Capitalised as a separate asset c. Debited to accumulated depreciation d. Added to the carrying amount of the machine Question 18 On 1st October 20X5 Dearing Co acquired a machine under the following terms. £ Cost 1,050,000 Trade discount (applying to cost only) 20% Freight charges 30,000 Electrical installation cost 28,000 Staff training in use of machine 40,000 Pre-production testing 22,000 Purchase of a three-year maintenance contract 60,000 On 1st October 20X7 Dearing Co decided to upgrade the machine by adding new components at a cost of £200,000. This upgrade led to a reduction in the production time per unit of the goods being manufactured using the machine. Every five years the machine will need a major overhaul in order to keep running. How should this be accounted for? a. Set up a provision at year 1 b. Capitalise the cost when it arises and amortise over five years c. Build up the provision over years 1-5 d. Write the overhaul off to maintenance costs Question 19 Which of the following investments owned by Dearing Co should be accounted for using the equity method in the consolidated financial statements? 1. 30% of the non-voting preference share capital in Yellow Co 2. 18% of the ordinary share capital in Blue Co with directors of Dearing Co having two of the five places on the board of Blue Co 3. 45% of the ordinary share capital of Red Co, with directors of Dearing Co having four of the six places on the board of Red Co a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 2 only Question 20 On 1st October 20X8 Dearing Co acquired 30 million of Vardine Co's 100 million shares in exchange for 75 million of its own shares. The fair value of Dearing Co's shares at the date of this share exchange was £1.60 each. Vardine Co's profit is subject to seasonal variation. Its profit for the year ended 31st March 20X9 was £100 million. £20 million of this profit was made from 1st April 20X8 to 30th September 20X8. Dearing Co has one subsidiary and no other investments apart from Vardine Co. What amount will be shown as ‘investment in associate’ in the consolidated statement of financial position of Dearing Co as at 31st March 20X9? a. £150 million b. £126 million c. £144 million d. £78 million SECTION B This section has a 40% weighting. All the questions in this section must be attempted. Show your workings. Ding acquired 60% of the share capital of Sal on 1 April 2018. The retained earnings of Sal on 31 Dec 2017 were £220,000. The fair value of the 20% non-controlling interest at acquisition was £280,000. At acquisition the fair value of Sal's plant exceeded its book value by £200,000. Plants are depreciated at 20% rate (straight line method). Goodwill should be written down by 10% of its original value to allow for impairment. After acquisition, Ding sold goods to Sal for £100,000 at gross profit margin of 30%. At 30 Sept 2019, 20% of these good are still at the inventory of Sal. Below are the statements of financial position of as at 31 Dec 2018. Requirements a) Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Ding Group as at 31 Dec 2018, assuming the group uses the fair value method to account for non-controlling interest. Show in your answer all the workings and the double entries to eliminate intra group transactions. (30 Marks) b) Write the double entries to eliminate intra-group transactions if Sal sold goods to Ding in August 209 for £90,000 at mark-up of 20%. And at 30 Sept 2019, 20% of these good are still at the inventory of Ding. (4 Marks) c) Briefly explain the "five-step model" for the recognition and measurement of revenue which is set out in international standard IFRS15. Support your answer with an example (Maximum 150 words). (6 Marks) (Total 40 marks)
MSC FINANCE & MANAGEMENT: PROJECT METHODOLOGY Structure of this Class • Project Proposal • Literature review: process, aims, benefits • Practical issues in literature searching • Analysing and evaluating literature • What not to do! • Class activity • Library session 3-4pm Project Proposal • What can I submit? – A literature review, – An examination of a current management Issue – A case study report Starting out: What are you trying to achieve? • INTRODUCE your research aims, objectives and questions • WHY IS IT important? (Rationale) • Based on a PROBLEM/ISSUE/CASE • Gap in the literature
N1510 BSc SECOND YEAR MOCK EXAMINATION INTERMEDIATE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Section A – There are ten MCQs in this section, 3 marks for each correct answer, 30 marks in total. 1. Which of the following statements is correct? a. all future costs that do not differ between alternatives are relevant costs. b. purchase cost of a classic car, purchased in 1967 is a relevant cost. c. additional costs that will be incurred if a special order is accepted are relevant costs. d. none of the above 2. The steps involved in Zero-based budgeting include the following except: a. Estimating potential profitability by considering previous year’s budget. b. Describing organisational activities in a decision package. c. Evaluating and ranking decision packages in order of priority. d. Allocating resources in order of priority up to spending cut-off level. 3. Falmer Ltd makes product Mull. In January 2023, when the budget was first prepared, standard labour cost per hour was £8.33 and it should require one hour to make each unit of Mull. In February 2023, staff received a 3% pay rise and labour time required per unit increased by 10%. Falmer has just produced 2,000 units of product Mull in April, using 2,200 hours at a labour cost of £18,700. What is the planning labour rate variance? a. £175.78 fav b. £549.78 adv c. £2,100 fav d. £10 adv 4. When making decisions under conditions of uncertainty, certain decision rules apply. The decision rule that involves choosing the best of the worst-case scenarios is best known as ................ a. maximin b. maximax c. minimax d. none of the above 5. Assembling has been identified as the bottleneck in bicycle production. Six employees are available eight hours a day and five days a week in the assembling department. Selling price per unit is £500, direct material cost per unit is £180 and direct labour cost per unit is £80. It takes 1hr 30 minutes to assemble each bicycle and the company plans to make 2,000 bicycles every month. What is the throughput return per factory hour? a. £320 b. £213.33 c. £1,740 d. £240 6. is a type of control where the focus is on outcomes of work effort and does not necessarily involve the processes in arriving at the output. a. action control b. personnel control c. culture control d. results control 7. Which of the following is a principle where costs assigned to a responsibility centre are only those costs that can be influenced by the manager of that responsibility centre? a. profit-conscious principle b. centralised principle c. controllability principle d. revenue principle 8. The budgeted sales revenue for 10,000 units in March was £15,000. The actual sales revenue in March for 9,500 units was £18,000. Using flexed budgeting, what would be the selling price variance? a. £13,200 adv b. £14,250 fav c. £3,750 fav d. £3,000 adv 9. The manufacture of an office chair should require 10 square feet of oakwood, at a cost of £5 per square foot. Since the standards were set, the market price of oakwood has fallen by 10%. A batch of 1,000 office chairs has just been completed, using 10,000 square feet of oakwood and costing £48,500. What is the operational material price variance? a.£1,500 fav b.£1,500 adv c) £3,500 adv d) £5,250 fav 10. Lamba Ltd makes product B. The estimated sales volume in April was 10,000 units with selling price of £10 per unit and the margin of safety was 39.1525%. The budgeted contribution margin ratio is 30%. Calculate the budgeted fixed costs in April to the nearest whole number. a.£39,153 b.£60,848 c.£70,000 d.£18,255 Section B – There are two cases and ten questions in this section. Each question is worth 3 marks each, 30 marks in total. Please read case one below and answer questions 11 to 15. Case One: Gil Ltd makes and sells product A using material Q. The required production from the production budget and other relevant information for the purchase of material Q for the first quarter are given below. January February March Quarter Required production 60,000 units 70,000 units 96,000 units Direct materials needed to make one unit of product A (at £8 per kg) 1.5kg 1.5kg 1.5kg Desired closing inventory is ten percent (10%) of next month’s needs 2,000 kg ? Planned opening inventory 1,200 kg ? Total material purchase needs ? Total purchase cost ? 11.What is the planned opening inventory of direct materials for the month of February? 12. What is the planned opening inventory at the beginning of the first quarter?.......................... … … … … … … … … .. 13. How many units of material Q should be purchased in the first quarter (January to March)? 14. What is the total purchase cost of direct materials needed for the month of March? ………….. 15. In no more than 100 words, briefly discuss how budgeting fits into the overall planning and control framework of an organisation. Please read this case and answer questions 16 to 20. Case Two: Timi Inc. manufactures and sells electric scooters. A BSH scooter sport organisation has approached Timi Inc. to make customised electric scooters under their label to mark their 10th year anniversary. BSH has offered a price of £200 per scooter for 3,000 scooters. This is £20 less than Timi’s usual selling price. The company (Timi Inc.) is currently operating at 95% capacity. The current costs per scooter are £120 for direct material, £15 for direct labour and £60 for overheads. The overhead rate per unit includes fixed costs of £40. If Timi Inc. accepts the order they will need to include an additional component at a cost of £25 for each scooter and an additional total one-off cost of £10,000 to print BSH’s customized logo on the scooters. 16. What is the total relevant cost to consider in the above scenario if the contract is accepted? 17. What is the total revenue if the contract is accepted? 18. Advise Timi Inc. on whether or not to accept the special order. 19. Advise the management of other qualitative elements they should consider when deciding whether or not to accept the contract. 20. The management of Timi Ltd is also thinking of manufacturing and selling motorbikes in and wants to understand the relevance of throughput accounting ratio. Briefly explain the term ‘throughput accounting’ to the management of Timi Ltd highlighting how decisions can be made using this technique. Section C. There are two questions in this section worth 40 marks in total. 21. Hamza makes and sells fresh Chelsea buns close to Stanmer park. The cost of making each Chelsea bun is £0.50 and the selling price per unit is £ 1.20. Chelsea buns not sold at the end of the day will be taken to the local food bank at no cost. Based upon past demands, the following scenarios have been identified: On a good day, he serves as many as 1500 chelsea buns on average On a moderately successful day, he serves 200 chelsea on average On a bad day, he serves 30 chelsea on average. Advise Hamza on the number of Chelsea buns he should buy if he is: a) Risk averse [5 marks] b) A risk seeker [5 marks] c) Risk neutral [5 marks] You are required to show all workings 22.ProtectMe Ltd is a small-size UK disposable medical gloves manufacturer. They have enjoyed a relatively stable environment in previous years with expected profits almost matching the actual profits. Based on historical sales data other assumptions, they came up with the following figures for their expected activities in 2020. Selling price for a pair of gloves - £3.00 Variable cost for a pair of gloves - £1.30 Fixed costs for the year - £100,000 Expected sales volume – 100,000 pairs Due to economic and competitive factors, ProctectMe are worried that a change in the selling price or costs might severely affect their expected profit. They have heard of sensitivity analysis and have approached you to carry out sensitivity analysis based on the above information. a. Calculate the breakeven point in units and in sales revenue. [2 marks] b. Calculate the expected profit. [2 marks] c. Assuming all assumptions made are worse by 25%, perform a sensitivity analysis based on the information above and advise the management of ProtectMe Plc on which variables are most sensitive to the expected profit. [6 marks] You are required to show all workings. d. Briefly discuss other factors ProtectMe might wish to should consider in their profit forecasts. [3 marks] e. ProtectMe also makes other types of products and gloves centre is a responsibility centre. Discuss appropriate control mechanisms to use for the gloves centre and the management style. that should be used to assess the performance of the manager of the gloves centre. [12 marks] [total 25 marks]
32606 Database Subject description This subject introduces basic concepts of database design and its implementation, including relational design through entity-relationship diagrams and their interpretation. You'll learn to use SQL for data retrieval from databases and gain skills into the coding required for database implementation. Subject learning outcomes (SLOs) 1. Design an Entity-Relationship (E-R) model from specifications and transform. a conceptual model into corresponding logical data structures. (C.1) 2. Construct Structured Query Language (SQL) statements and maintain a simple database. (D.1) 3. Critically evaluate database designs and the role databases play in effective software applications. (C.1) 4. Effectively communicate database design. (E.1) Teaching and learning strategies There will be a two-hour lecture and one hour of tutorial. The two-hour lecture slot will not be used entirely for content delivery, it will be used as a question-answer session as well. The one-hour lab will be used for gaining practical knowledge of SQL and designing ERD. However, during the lab time, there will be two assessments conducted which are SQL test1 and SQL test2. The lectures and labs will be conducted via Zoom interactive sessions. Students collaborate by engaging in consultation with their peers and instructor to interpret design requirement and create entity relationship diagrams. Assessments are designed in such a way that the students receive almost immediate feedback for every assessment item except for the final assessment. Assessments 3 and 4, students will do a class tests, these assessments will test students’ ability to draw an E-R diagram from a given scenario and answer questions relating to database integrity. For the final assessment the database project, students will create a database of their own choosing, their choice based on a database that is currently being used in the real world. Please note that students are expected to put in additional study and practice time of your own in order to develop the practical skills necessary to fulfill the subject learning objectives. Students are expected to use Canvas as part of their learning experience for this subject. Software tools to be used is PostgreSQL, which is a database management system, and other web-based applications that offer students the opportunity to develop their SQL skills. Content (topics) 1. Introduction to Database Systems 2. Relational Data Model 3. Introduction to SQL: simple queries 4. SQL: aggregate functions, simple joins 5. SQL: complex joins, simple subqueries 6. SQL: data modification statements, set operators, views 7. Conceptual database design using E-R modelling 8. Normalisation 9. Logical design: E-R transformations 10. Transactions Management
Assignment 1 - Project Proposal/Charter Learning Outcomes 1: Demonstrate a critical understanding of the principles of project management as prescribed in the global standard (PMBOK Guide) 2: Select and initiate a project taking into account organisational goals, structure, culture, stakeholders, and competition for resources 3: Critically analyse, interpret and apply the project management knowledge areas to the various phases of any project as appropriate and demonstrate an understanding of the activities and interrelationships critical to the successful completion of each phase of a project. 6: Appraise the acquiring, induction, developing, decision making, and conflict resolution issues of a project team ASSESSMENT TASK - Project Proposal Instructions: As a group develop a project proposal for a project to be undertaken in the real world Guidelines: The Project Proposal – sometimes called the Project Charter - should explain: the background of the organisation where this project will be carried out, the objectives of the project and the importance of this project to the organisation. The Proposal must include: a Business Case, Milestone schedule, as well as any major or anticipated Risks with this project if known at this stage. The project must be of commercial consequence which demands a Return on Investment (ROI) analysis, and could be from one of the following categories depending on the type of business a student is involved in: an organisational project that a student is involved in as the organisation’s mainline of business – to manage projects for student's organisation or on behalf of others an activity that a student is convinced would benefit from being handled as a project. an activity in which a student was involved in the past that was not carried out as a project, but one which a student believes would have been managed better as a project. If a student uses this option s/he should describe how s/he would execute this activity now using the knowledge gained through this unit. The Project must NOT be: a wedding event project developing an App the implementation of a change management initiative a Not-for-Profit event the establishment of a restaurant a farewell event Word Count The maximum word length for this assignment is 2,000 words (Please include word count at the end), excluding words used in any charts, templates, forms or diagrams that you have used to apply the knowledge areas. Assignment Format 1. Title page 2. Letter to Sponsor 3. Table of Contents 4. Introduction (use an Appendix for background if necessary) 5. Project Charter using appropriate headings (see Marking criteria) 6. Reference List (APA referencing style. is required - a minimum of 10 scholar references) 7. The appendix will only include a background of the organisation for your unit assessor. All forms, charts, tables, and diagrams should be included under the relevant sections of the assignment. The Appendix is NOT graded. Notes: 1. The project must be undertaken in New Zealand and use New Zealand currency. 2. As this is a piece of academic work, students are required to describe the purpose of each section of the Charter in the paraphrased text, appropriately referenced to the prescribed textbook, the PMBOK, and/or readings. Failure to do so will result in a reduction of marks for each marking criteria where this is not performed. 3. To achieve a passing grade, all assessment tasks must be submitted and an overall mark of 50% or more must be obtained from the combined three formal assessments. 4. A penalty of 10% of the total marks that can be awarded for the assessment will be deducted automatically for each day an assignment is late without an approved extension. 5. Assessments submitted later than five calendar days after the due date without an approved extension will be regarded as ‘Did Not Complete’ (DNC) and receive zero for that assessment. 6. APA referencing style. should be used to show the source of all information which is obtained in a source, e.g. newspapers, web pages, academic journals, articles, any book or textbook as well as any other internet source.
32557 Enabling Enterprise Information Systems Subject description This postgraduate subject explores how information systems generate business value, focusing on various enterprise information needs and the application of systems to address business challenges. By taking this subject, you will gain a deep understanding of the strategic organisational use of information systems, mobile, cloud, and social computing. This knowledge will be invaluable in advancing your career in business or technology management, as you will be able to leverage cutting-edge technologies to solve real-world business problems. You'll develop essential skills in analysing market trends, designing effective information systems, and aligning them with business strategies. These skills are critical for roles in IT management, consulting, and strategic planning. Furthermore, engaging in design activities and collaborating in teams will enhance your practical and interpersonal skills, making you more effective in professional settings. Learning in this subject is interactive and hands-on. You'll participate in lectures, tutorials with case studies, and team projects, which will help you apply theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios. This approach ensures that you not only understand the concepts but also can implement them in a business context. Subject learning outcomes (SLOs) 1. Evaluate the role of information systems to generate business value. (B.1) 2. Propose effective, human-centered information systems that align with business strategies and positively impact lives through social innovation. (C.1) 3. Apply a deep understanding of the strategic use of information systems, identifying business processes and utilising mobile, cloud, and social computing technologies to address business challenges. (D.1) 4. Engage in design activities and team projects to enhance practical, interpersonal, and communication skills, applying theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios and justifying effective teamwork in solving innovation-driven problems. (E.1) 5. Reflect on the individual impact of participation and collaboration activities that influenced decisions for improved business solutions. (F.1) Teaching and learning strategies Students will learn through a combination of topic presentations, design activities, and group discussions. There will be one hour of lecture and two hours of tutorial every week. Students need to take the following points into consideration for pre-class preparation. These aim to ensure a productive learning experience and effective group discussion during the class time: Lecture notes for each week will be made available on Canvas prior to each lecture. Students need to review lecture notes as well as corresponding recommended readings before coming to the class. Each tutorial includes multiple collaborative tasks followed by a post-class relevant case study. Students need to study the case and answer related questions prior to each consecutive class. Iterative learning is central, and for this reason, students are encouraged to become proficient at bringing their notes and questions to the classes. They will discuss them with their peers and/or group members, exchange knowledge, and seek feedback to make improvements or changes to their understanding and project. Content (topics) In a world where organisations are constantly trying to grow and gain a competitive advantage, Enterprise Information Systems play a vital role in helping organisations achieve their objectives. This subject covers information strategies, models, frameworks, and technologies that enableorganisations to support their everyday business as well as to succeed in their competitive environments. The subject does not need any technical or programming background; rather, it critically analyses the applications of a variety of enterprise information systems for organisations. Real-world problems and case studies will be discussed in the class, and students need to provide critical and relevant solutions. The subject primarily covers the following topics. Information Systems overview and real-world IS challenges Information Systems within the organisations Organisational strategy, competitive advantage, and information systems Ethics, privacy, and information security E-business and E-commerce Approaches to IS development and project management Social, cloud and mobile computing Intelligent systems Design thinking
CANNON'S CONJECTURE Cannon's Conjecture (CC) gives a group-theoretic generalization of the generic case of W. P. Thurston's famous Geometrization Conjecture (GC) for 3-dimensional manifolds recently proved by G. Perelman. CC is motivated by that part of the Geometrization Conjecture that concerns the problem of promoting a metric of variable negative curvature to a metric of constant negative curvature. CC claims that, if an infinite, finitely presented group acts roughly like the fundamental group of a hyperbolic 3-manifold near infinity, then the group can be realized as a group of 2 × 2 matrices with complex entries acting conformally on the 2-dimensional sphere S2 and by rigid motion on non Euclidean hyperbolic 3-dimensional space H3. Perelman's work for manifolds and its recent generalization to orbifolds establishes the result in the case that the group is in fact the fundamental group of a 3-dimensional manifold or orbifold but leaves the general case open. Here is a precise statement of the conjecture followed by the supporting definitions. Cannon's Conjecture. Suppose that G is an infinite, finitely presented group whose Cayley graph is Gromov-hyperbolic and whose space at infinity is the 2-sphere S2. Then G is a Kleinian group.
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS: MAY 2022 Module Code: ACF518 / ACF566 CRN: 10071/16832 Module Title: ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING / FINANCIAL REPORTING SECTION A – Answer BOTH questions Question 1 Gort Plc (Gort) drew up the following trial balance as at 31/12/21 Additional information: 1. Due to a downturn in the property market, the recoverable amount of one of Gort’s properties has fallen below its net book value. The property currently has a fair value less costs of disposal of £2,250k. It has been included in the financial statements as follows: (5 marks) 2 Motor vehicles were all purchased on 01/01/2020. They have been depreciated straight line over 5 years. After careful consideration it has been decided depreciation at 25% reducing balance would result in more relevant reliable information. If comparative figures are to be adjusted these adjustments must be made manually. (5 marks) 3 Included in closing inventories are 8,000 units of product A at a total cost of £64,000 and 5,000 units of product B at a total cost of £75,000. Relevant information on product A and product B is provided below: (5 marks) 4 On 01/01/21 Gort acquired an item of plant under a 3 year lease agreement. The agreement had an implicit finance cost of 6%. Gort made an initial payment of £150,000 at the inception of the agreement and pays further annual payments of £ 100,000 on the 31/12/21, 31/12/22 and 31/12/23. Gort incurred expenses of £42,000 re shipping and installation of the plant. The plant has a useful life of 5 years. Plant and equipment is depreciated on a straight line basis. The only entries in the accounts are as follows: (10 marks) 5 After reconfiguring its distribution network Gort had an off-site warehouse it no longer needed. The warehouse had cost £1,200,000 and had accumulated depreciation of £300,000 to 31/12/20. On 01/01/21 Gort rented the warehouse to a third party, at this date the warehouse had a net book value of £900,000, and a fair value of £980,000. At 31/12/21 the warehouse had a fair value of £ 1,150,000. The only entries made during the year regarding the warehouse were to record the rents received of £60,000. Gort values land and buildings under the cost model but investment properties using the fair value model. (5 marks) Required: Explain the required treatment of items 1 to 5 above. Your explanation should refer to relevant accounting standards and include any journal entries necessary to correct the trial balance. Round figures to the nearest £000. [Total: 30 Marks] Question 2 The financial statements of HENDRIX Plc (HENDRIX), REDDING Ltd (REDDING) and MITCH Ltd (MITCH) are presented below. Additional information: 1. HENDRIX acquired a 30% shareholding in MITCH on 01/06/2021. The Directors of HENDRIX do not have a role in the day-to-day running of MITCH. 2. HENDRIX acquired 48 million £0.50 ordinary shares in REDDING on 01/01/2018. The retained earnings at that date were £25,000,000; the fair value of REDDING’s net assets was the same as their book value, with the exception of property. The market value of property was £5,000,000 above the book value. At acquisition, the property had a remaining useful life of 20 years, depreciation is charged to administrative expenses. The fair value of the remaining 9 million shares was £20,000,000 on 01/01/2018. HENDRIX values non-controlling interests at fair value when calculating goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries. 3. Since acquisition HENDRIX has become a customer of REDDING. REDDING’s Trade receivables include £3,200,000 owed by HENDRIX; total sales to HENDRIX since acquisition, were £15,000,000. REDDING sells goods to HENDRIX at a margin of 20%. At 31/12/2021, HENDRIX still held 40% of these goods in inventory. 4. An impairment test on the goodwill of REDDING, conducted on 31/12/2021, concluded that goodwill on acquisition is now impaired by £2,000,000. The value of the investment in MITCH was not impaired. 5. REDDING paid dividends of £ 1,600,000 relating to the period from 01/01/2021 to 31/12/2021. MITCH paid dividends of £800,000 during the year ended 31/12/2021. All dividends receivable by HENDRIX have been credited to other income in the statement of profit or loss above. 6. All items in the above income statements are deemed to accrue evenly over the year. Required: Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss for the HENDRIX Group for the year ended 31/12/2021 and a consolidated statement of financial position as at that date. (Show workings including ALL JOURNAL ENTRIES REQUIRED) Round figures to the nearest £000. (30 marks) [Total: 30 Marks] Question 3 IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers has applied for accounting periods starting after 01 January 2018. Required: (a) Explain why there was a need for a new standard on revenue and what impact on the financial statements IFRS 15 has had. (3 marks) BKWD Plc (BKWD) is a conglomerate business with a year end of 31/12/2021 working across many different industries. Details of their revenue for the year are provided below: 1. BKWD run an online clothing store. Clothing and accessory sales for the year came to £12,000,000 spread evenly throughout the year. Customers have a 4-month period in which they may return items, based on past-experience, BKWD expect 20% of sales to be returned. All goods are sold at a 25% mark-up, all returns are returned to the warehouse and sold at a later date. (4 marks) 2. On 01/10/21 BKWD sold specialist construction equipment to APPL Ltd (APPL) for £ 1,250,000. APPL paid £250,000 to BKWD on delivery but has been allowed to defer payment of the remaining £1,000,000 to 30/09/2025. BKWD has a cost of capital of 5%. No entries have been made to record this transaction. (5 marks) 3. BKWD also operate a construction company. They entered into a contract to build a large office block on 01/01/2021. The contract is to be treated as a single performance obligation to be satisfied over time. The contract price is dependent on completion date, with £15m payable if completed by 31/12/2024 and £17m if completed by 30/06/2024. BKWD’s Finance Director is confident of completing the contract by 30/06/2024. The total construction costs for 2021 were £3m, excluding inventory of building materials of £300k. BKWD estimate the further costs to complete the contract at £8m. The customer made stage payments of £1m on 30/06/2021 and £2m on 31/12/2021, with the balance to be paid on completion. (8 marks) Required: (b) Explain how BKWD should account for the above under IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts, along with any journal entries necessary to correct the financial statements for the year ended 31/12/2021. Round figures to the nearest £000. [Total: 20 Marks] Question 4 Aosta Plc prepares financial statements to 31 December each year. Aosta has a number of highly skilled employees it wishes to retain and has put two schemes in place to encourage staff retention: Scheme A On 01/01/2022 Aosta granted share options to 400 employees. Each employee was entitled to 500 options to purchase equity shares (nominal value £1) at £9 per share. The options vest on 31/12/2024 if the employees continue to work for Aosta throughout the three-year period. Payment for the shares is due from the employees on 31 January 2025. Relevant data is as follows: Scheme B On 01/01/2022 Aosta granted 3 share appreciation rights to 300 employees. Each right gave the holder a cash payment of £150 for every 50p increase in the share price from the 01/01/2022 value to the date the rights vest. The rights vest on 31/12/2024 for those employees who continue to work for Aosta throughout the three-year period. Payment is due to the employees on 31 January 2025. Relevant data is as follows: Required (a) For both schemes apply the principles of IFRS 2 Share Based Payment to calculate the annual charge to the income statement over the course of the schemes and draw up the extracts from the accounts relating to the schemes for the years ended 31/12/22, 31/12/23, 31/12/24, 31/12/25. (12 Marks) (b) Draw up journals to record the schemes in each year. (8 Marks) Do not round figures, show in £. [Total: 20 Marks] Question 5 “In a future society, successful firms are going to be those that can link together the environment, society and their economic prosperity. They will look to the long term and find resources that are sustainable and assurance that those costs are not going to skyrocket. ” Michael Radcliffe, KPMG Director Global Sustainability Network (2002) Required: Explain what is meant by the green revolution in financial reporting and critically evaluate the attempts by the accounting profession to achieve greater transparency in reporting of environmental issues. (20 Marks) [Total: 20 Marks] Examinable accounting standards IAS1 Presentation of financial statements IAS2 Inventories IAS8 Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors IAS10 Events after the reporting period IAS16 Property, plant and equipment IAS19 Employee benefits IAS20 Accounting for government grants and disclosure of government assistance IAS21 The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates IAS23 Borrowing costs IAS27 Consolidated and separate financial statements IAS28 Investments in associates and joint ventures IAS33 Earnings per share IAS36 Impairment of assets IAS37 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets IAS38 Intangible assets IAS40 Investment property IFRS2 Share based payment IFRS3 Business combinations IFRS5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations IFRS10 Consolidated financial statements IFRS13 Fair value measurement IFRS15 Revenue from contracts with customers IFRS16 Leases
City of Melbourne: To Improve Parking Availability for Melbourne Commuters Section A Problem Statement Melbourne has become more dependent on car travel since COVID compared with similar cities across the world. A major source of congestion in Melbourne's CBD is the time drivers spend searching for a parking space. With a high rate of car ownership, this search can be difficult on average, drivers spend 17 hours a year searching for a parking spot within Melbourne city. This forces Melbourne commuters to continually drive around the city until one is free, increasing congestion, pollution and wasting time. The root cause of this frustration and inefficiency is the absence of real-time data on available parking spaces, which leaves drivers in frustration. How might we provide drivers with real-time parking information to reduce search times and ease congestion? Introduction This report outlines the analysis and design activities being completed during the onboarding iteration of our project to improve parking availability in Melbourne for Sara. It includes the following epics; Data Insights , Real-Time Parking availability and Empowering Eco-Conscious Commuters for a Greener Melbourne. Also includes user stories, and acceptance criteria that guide our solution of creating a website for desktop and mobile use. So, it will help us as a team to ensure our solutions stay aligned with user needs and project goals. Project Overview The project overview gives: Our team is building a website to help Melbourne commuters find available parking more quickly in the CBD. The website will use historical data to show parking availability and trends. Our goal is to reduce traffic congestion and improve their commuting experience especially for peak hours. This is due to the rapid population growth and high car ownership have made CBD parking increasingly difficult to find. Commuters waste time circling for spots and adding to congestion. Despite available open data, users lack a clear, accessible way to understand and act on it. Target Audience The primary audience for this project is Melbourne commuters who are short-term visitors to the CBD. These drivers are looking for public parking spaces and regularly face the daily challenges of the city's "car problem," including traffic congestion, difficulty finding parking, longer commute times, and higher fuel costs. This target group is directly impacted by the inefficiency of the current parking system. News articles: ○ Parking improvement works | City of Melbourne ○ Australia's biggest city has a car problem. What should Melbourne do to fix it? - ABC News ○ Melbourne Transport Strategy 2030: 50,000 cars off the roads | news.com.au — Australia’s leading news site for latest headlines ○ Melbourne proposes new parking scheme to keep city moving - Inside Local ○ Melbourne CBD set for parking overhaul as part of council plans to reduce congestion - ABC News Onboarding iteration What is being delivered: In this iteration, our team completed several foundational design artefacts to support user-centred development. Finalised personas representing key Melbourne commuter types Developed three core epics, supported by detailed user stories and acceptance criteria Created an Empathy Map to capture commuter frustrations, goals, and behaviours Used the Lotus Blossom technique to explore and expand solution directions Organised and tagged all requirements and artefacts in LeanKit During the onboarding iteration, our team will deliver our website based on Data insights, real time parking insights and CO2 emissions awareness. Firstly, for data insights we will create a bar graph to display car ownership and population growth in Melbourne. Secondly for real time parking insights we will design and build a basic interface showing live parking availability in CBD using open datasets. Finally for CO2 emissions awareness we will develop a feature that visualises how long parking searches contribute to increasing carbon emissions in line charts. Intent: To validate our understanding of user needs and project scope through structured research and artefact creation. This iteration focused on aligning the team’s direction through shared documentation and early design thinking. Benefits: A strong foundation of user empathy informs future interface and feature design Clear problem framing and exploration via the Lotus Blossom helps generate innovative ideas Defined acceptance criteria make future validation easier LeanKit now contains organised stories and tasks to guide the next sprint Current Iteration EPIC 1.0 Data Insights Must Have As a Melbourne commuter, I want to accessible insights into key growth trends so that I can understand their full impact on urban infrastructure and congestion. This epic helps everyday Melbourne commuters with data insights that may influence individual behavior. and deeper understanding on car congestion in the CBD. Benefits: ● Feeling informed about city-wide challenges can foster a sense of shared responsibility and community, encouraging commuters to contribute to solutions rather than just being passive victims of congestion US 1.1 As a Melbourne commuter I want to know insights on the growth of car ownership so that I can quantify its impact on urban infrastructure. US 1.2 As a Melbourne commuter, I want to know the increase of Melbourne’s population in CBD so that I can understand the impact on city congestion. EPIC 2 .0 Real-Time Parking availability Must Have As a Melbourne commuter, I want to view real-time parking and historical data to guide me to an available spot, so that I can reduce my search time, lower my emissions, and contribute to a more efficient and sustainable city. This epic enables commuters to quickly secure a parking space with minimal circling, and to alleviate the "car park problem" in Melbourne's CBD by providing transparency and guidance around parking availability. Benefits: ● Commuters cut the average 17 hours a year spent searching for parking, navigating directly to guaranteed open spots for a more predictable and less stressful journey. ● Less time spent driving and idling while searching for parking means less fuel is consumed. This directly translates to cost savings for the commuter on a daily basis. ● To help drivers find legal parking spaces and could potentially include features that alert them when their paid time is expiring, significantly reducing the risk of receiving a parking fine. ● Access to historical and predictive data enables commuters to strategically time their arrival, avoiding peak hours and ensuring a smoother trip from the outset. US 2.1 As a Melbourne commuter, I want to easily find available CBD parking spots so that I can minimize my driving time by quickly securing a parking space. US 2.2 As a Melbourne commuter, I want to see predicted parking spot availability for specific areas and streets, so I can quickly find parking and avoid congested zones. US 2.3 As a Melbourne commuter, I want to understand historical parking availability trends near my destination, enabling me to strategically time my arrival and prevent unnecessary delay. EPIC 3.0 Empowering Eco-Conscious Commuters for a Greener Melbourne Should Have As a Melbourne commuter, I want to easily access information that helps me choose environmentally friendly ways to travel, so I can personally contribute to a greener city and embrace a sustainable lifestyle. This epic integrates various sustainable transport options to provide commuters with the tools and information they need to reduce their carbon footprint, minimize time spent searching for parking, and contribute to a healthier, more livable urban environment. Benefits: ● Clear understanding of the positive environmental impact of their choices (e.g., CO2 emissions saved). ● Feeling of contributing to a greener city and sustainable future. US 3.1 As a Melbourne commuter, I want to see the environmental impact (e.g., CO2 emissions saved) of different travel choices so I can make greener decisions. US 3.2 As a Melbourne commuter, I want to be shown the "greenest" or most environmentally friendly parking options (e.g., parking near public transport, or less congested areas) when I'm looking for a spot in the CBD, so I can further reduce my carbon footprint and contribute positively to urban air quality.
2024 EXAMINATIONS Part II COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS - On-line Assessment Available Time [2.5 Hours] Recommended Completion Time [2 Hours] SCC.363 Security and Risk Question 3 3.a The CIA triad is a respected model designed to guide policies for information security within an organisation. i. Provide the three principles that the three letters CIA stand for and provide a definition for each of them. [3 marks] ii. A message is transmitted from Alice to Bob. For each of the CIA properties, provide one possible technique that Alice and Bob can use to achieve that property. [3 marks] 3.b The Plan Do Check Act Cycle (also known as the Deming Cycle) provides a simple concept to unde rstand what information security management is. Provide the objective of each of the four phases. [4 marks] 3.c Explain the key sources of uncertainty in risk management. [4 marks] 3.d Ideas from economics can help us understand cyber security issues in a broader context. i. Use an example to describe the concept of lock in cost (Not restricted to cyber security examples) . [2 marks] ii. Use the concepts of hidden information and hidden action to explain potential reasons for the phenomenon that sometimes users who have purchased powerful antivirus products suffer more from virus attacks. [2 marks] iii. Briefly explain why so much online information is free and zero is a fair price. [2 marks] Total 20 marks 4.a Assume that X, Y and Z are three independent discrete random variables. Their distributions are provided by the following three tables. xi 1 4 8 15 20 P(X=xi) 0.20 0.25 0.15 0.36 0.04 yi -5 -3 0 3 6 P(Y=yi) 0.30 0.11 0.16 0.25 0.18 zi -1 0 2 6 8 P(Z=zi) 0.05 0.15 0.20 0.33 0.27 i. Find the standard deviation of the random variable T = 2X+4Y+6Z. [4 marks] ii. Find the probability that Y is strictly larger than Z. [2 marks] iii. Find the probability that X+Y lies in the range of [0, 10]. [2 marks] 4.b Suppose a cybersecurity analyst is tasked with assessing the risk of a potential data breach in a company’s network. The analyst knows that 5% of all emails received by the company contain malicious attachments. Additionally, the company’s email filtering system is 95% effective at correctly identifying and blocking emails with malicious attachments, but it also incorrectly flags 3% of legitimate emails as malicious. Now, if the analyst receives an alert from the email filtering system indicating that an email has been flagged as containing a malicious attachment, what is the probability that the email actually contains a malicious attachment? [5 marks] 4.c A cybersecurity firm needs to allocate limited resources effectively to mitigate cybersecurity risks across multiple client networks. The firm must optimize resource allocation to minimize the overall cybersecurity risk while staying within budget constraints. Consider the following scenario: The cybersecurity firm offers four primary services to its clients: network monitoring, vulnerability assessments, intrusion detection, and incident response. Each service requires a certain amount of resources, including financial cost, manpower and software licenses, and contributes differently to reducing cybersecurity risk. Network monitoring: Requires £3000, 5 manpower resources and 10 software licenses. It reduces cybersecurity risk by 20 units. Vulnerability assessments: Requires £5000, 8 manpower resources and 15 software licenses. It reduces cybersecurity risk by 30 units. Intrusion detection: Requires £9000, 10 manpower resources and 20 software licenses. It reduces cybersecurity risk by 40 units. Incident response: Requires £11000, 12 manpower resources and 25 software licenses. It reduces cybersecurity risk by 50 units. The firm has a total budget of £100000, 300 available manpower resources in total, and 1000 available software licenses in total. Also notice that the allocation of resources cannot be negative. Develop a linear optimization model to help the cybersecurity firm allocate resources effectively and minimize cybersecurity risk. Express the formulation in the following canonical form. Identify the parameters C, A, and b, but do not solve the problem. [5 marks] ii. Now the firm wants to investigate whether it should include a new service, firewalls and network segmentation. This service incurs £10000, 15 manpower resources and 22 software licenses, and it reduces cybersecurity risk by 35. Help the firm determine whether it should include this new service. Justify your answer. [2 marks] Total 20 marks
